ÐÏࡱá>þÿ 6:þÿÿÿ±87ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ×@Óº,www.ScienceInquiry.orgò’/È 0ÒÕÈ·DTimes New Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË·DFuturaew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË ·DOsakaew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË€0·DTimesew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË@·DArialew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œËP·Drialew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË¤ €`ÿÿÿÿ¥ .©  @£nÿý?" dd@ÿÿïÿÿÿÿÿÿ  @@``€€ LðDðÐ`™>      ?  Qa 2Bq�#$Rb‘²347Vru‚¡ÁÑ8t•±³á%5CSU„ÂÿÄÿÄ9 !1AQ"aq2�‘¡±ÁÑ#BáðRb’%TñÿÝ(ÿÚ ?Õ=4hˆÑ£P]Þ­ÞtÝ»ªÏÛš}*µq6Êך”…¡•ƒÛ‘'™Y ÊF{‘¢)Ö•·¶êWš¼'Z6=vâ�5)h©ÎTV�Ú”R„$¥ *RˆW N«…"û¹*”ͤݻOq+µ%W+qè—£Z’Ùˆ\q^í¶È2ã* #È~.�ôá¾6âÞT˲ƒÖ¶ÎøKžÝNŒê?à§ED磲Ûks”`ºÑ+Iì9°¡îRIÞknÀªÔª5”È‘Q44&8Ú婯�Õ¶¤•c9Çm+l™××àæímfìWâÜâ—LñbÝIŽ˜æDgаòÐ8’“Û¾¦\ß"áá–Ô/1;Û¨Ðý‚KÄq· h”£”- ¬�G|è‰SÃ~ÇÐ÷�w.tŠ€©Ñ/½†k³¤:¦PÒÁK|ªs8éƒ�M÷J·/l¸ FðË<[�­ Öƒ ØIוlÇG4ÿÿØÿàJFIFddÿìDucky<ÿî&AdobedÀ ÎØ'ß<¸ÿÛ„       ÿÂNrÿÄì 0!1`"B@A2#P53$%E !1AQ"2’3aq�RÒâ0‘ÁB# ¡±ÑPðábr‚¢4@sCScƒ“$Dd !0€@P`1q�!1AQaq�‘¡ñ0ð±Á @ÑáPÿÚ ð~Ï 0 `À `4ªÆj c¸¯:àùûæÎ€Ó}¯�À$@ÀS‚�€ (-Šìe’ÂÀ²XX�€Àc£À�ÀœÒ¹c$J$¡"RÌœ³–È·—O�x=Ü~]@=7Úù q·:ż€€ëÐpí|¡9y]yô¹î› Ñ›8§RDÓ�gÖl2êmÆ•P,[³y�yìÆ´Kç}!c€Æ�±Œd¦•Ë$2é}Ÿ‹Ùä}~I-ViδçYµŽŽ7 h>wóýÜn]@ÓýŸ�Vœë×ù½{·L Æm@õü;ð»réóéÄëÊ»,—§�òúsfìoŸ¼XK`ª¬G ãÚ«9}9×c$Iz\÷“YϬöxöÕ5ç{ùÝz?|[Å�rºq«Ë´lÁÓŸg�~Gn)%,�Ü÷FóUÍÑôŸîó¾¿6=癬Ý/s�[q«O=ÛŽ‰Vuó»‹Ï §û?"K¿÷~OW ·+%ͬđ8ó¾Ž>LJ£Vu 1ë=Þ=y�1,–ÙyûÇo�\Ä*e›9êKá=ž?Sçôy_O›×ù}Zó®oN}^]sk*„ätå¿…0­Ü÷§ÇÓ5Üð;ðÙ�tyõ¶V2«Î7sÞ]çŸÓ•=9ïL|µK‚Ësz%RÝ–Éc�|ËÅìâóèŸìü�Ùßg—N§=† äMYÖ‰qk>gÑÃ¥7³:ªÍ™ÕdÖo^ï.¸wˆEeÖY|µêV�¾=|—§ÏÛåÖdåϬôyôͬåÖo—¥Žž[ÑæêséÍéϳ˳5cY7€f]bÉuçl…Usnu4gP²­G!¬i³"¡ËÏ%.ø¦:+)l‰Ëëåþ?_Ÿ@Qö~@5‘é8víréËéŒšÏ ·$€ @Ætqº¬É¬°ÀfÌë&²Æ f¬ë6³ÞáÛ©Ë­W2]Y×3§=Ø×œôðöž/_'¯-9Ô,®Ëó¨Ùæ}^f¢2GVV™Ö¥‰(´„¸Nœ·Ë8²YË ß–y}\>}Ô}Ÿ’À K8Ϩ 0ƒŒ cŒ1€Æ1„1ŒjÀ�Ñ€Õ’†2J#&½¨Ìd"¬œHÅ-fÉz9fNYË ß”y}<ç¹Oäè[�¸¸—;q©Ú€[žDØ¥ÿÙ“ÿÞÆqná·åO“9Y ÙdŒçan³ s6`Ý ÊÁÄdßé&ÿIºæåC’@;®?ñ¸üMªi¥™ØY¯ÅtøØY¹sK‰�·dJY‹‘6F¤~6Õ#ŽFÕ¹äOAîxÓB�Tg´÷œDÚ´:fÿd¤k�Í‘¸åѬ‰j)N2E±î[l˜’sâäX“Û¹cîì˜äåOŽïnB÷ p|ÒgnÐÍÃmk$y{Îwþ~Vîgßs2DwLI$‡v{s03¼I°·ÃRÇ‹¶çEŽÈ¹âI$;³Û™ƒ›â¿ 7ÆX»‹c†|¬R³òü¼œì‰Ò°÷#sfa[öKû„’Oíqo³rÓ‘‡™ã,\öE�µNøq–U†Ð¬|ØÆ6Nh›] ^3æó£Ì-Xù­d–=øÒÂÆË–,G˜Çc³1­Ù¡É#(I³`”yï9­—»#&ðÅoö8TÉM$I]ʇùF‡¿$±G,{žÙ&�Vèck¶œ,°í‹-Šy¡‚"zPgå@ÜŒ©ç<ù3d;£äMamrÅ2’çHÙ&Œáyã'í1ÄZ̉âsKrq„ÌñÆùmn;¤‰Ù^…#é>�íÃÿÚº®«ªêº®«ªêº®«ªêº®«ªêº®«ªêº®«ªêº®«ªêº®«ªêº®«ªêº®«ªêº®«ªêº¯+Êò¼¯+Êò¼¯+ªò¼¯+Êòº®«ªêº®«ªâ¯Ñâ©®¯³Õ�».˲<£à!Äq<ãƒNÿ€(´ð”]^£••¥iäkj€NTáE§�~TãN!¨ÑS’‹On H<^>xµ¨ÑQ4*q¢gÉuO%Wb�#]^�à Ô‚ª¥V‘À||‹»þM(Ãà¢îÿ“ iª§;½;§|'pü‡ËMU~ß�óÝŠ #ü¹~á|S]D@(š&”o�òWî pëÐjAÈ•©jAȹj+ع-KWvš åð Ôµwˆ äJqª'²U R.Z–¤ raàä\µ-]ꃑ@­KRÔ�@¢V¥«½Q=pzAËMVŽ (ž�=*ðoÚ¼Jªý‰àÔ ¯éAú@¤úC¿ÿÚ?èU Ô6"C‹|ßâê&Å˰[„(°BCp§üTZ¸±¾à!mö©­õdqW™¾“\¡ÐÿÿÚ?éVyâ9Ãq xϵ¿’çDÿÿÚ?滀x£šîâŽk¸Š9®à(滀x£šîâŽk¸Š9®à(滀x£œîâŽs¸Š9Îà(ç;€x£œîâŽs¸Š9Îà(ç;€x£œîâŽs¸Š9Îà(ç;€x£œîâŽs¸Š9Îà(ç;€x£œîâŽs¸<ÑÎwš9ÎàóG9Ühç;ƒÍçpy£œî4s�ÁæŽs¸<ÑÎwš9ÎàóG9Ühç;ƒÍçpy£œî4s�ÁæŽqàóG8ðy£œx<ÑÎ<hç4s�š9ǃÍãÁæŽqàóG8ðy£œx<ÑÎ<hç4s�š9ǃÍãÁæŽqàóG8ðy£œx<ÑÎ<hç4sÏš9ÿÑæŽôy£Ÿý¶>]@î°Ÿœ%VËúW„v¯K\E�µ¾Ôô™B ˜õõHl>¡jSZ'\(¶‘Ýw¸úÚu]»Ueìõ­F°Ô¡2Ó?É-šRØq#˜ñSæÙavå½!ïd‹H:ˆm›FÀÓ¤¬4ü°ìËGËsZA= 䉘Y„× `z äÔuÅi-œÂSÙaù{^Ñ`Œæ …â§ÈYH’b©5š£6Y"†3â'VÍ/ß0ðÆ&]½ÉgF¨¶ÁÕ ¨ÚaÎ,ËF—-�¶Ô(rðewÔK<Öö܈‘–ÃÚ/Ƙ4Ù¡VèÊÒoYm‹bËaV›16ܬBÞ™l튢³ZÉRª€›,ÞohŠŠÖÑvÛƒöèj¡Ð‘O Ieù§fi—¦ØÍ ‚Œ§„ëvA¶óbùx"C³>"æY¡¶SÀÁ3�™ñÿ2Í0@©-7‡5EŠ÷k±tÛƒ3ò�¦¡»ÊÛlªEP”ù sP4|Í•Dí²XiŠ‚³9|¶¯Ä«rÃ52æ)L–~ØËâŠsJìad«lª–AªXÙ±-b7l&ëADì‡(B¶�ô­x½¥c�¶%½$¦Ù�Ôl§Ñ+˜%ÔÊ È·ðô¼+Y£¦ q°X�� Óx…Ñ;®÷VÖ‹ÜR+Rü„a�ÝÝwÞ†U£bžôSc›·T+é†ÑÙ/rÜæ›¯T�M–Î ‰e×5ɦñªßKžòáRiXˆ‹*Ã(]3�ûâ–qm@J»õ0c‹{Éd#BžˆžC'y,й›~Z#Rõ1(i'T+š@é%F‚¥Tôr(„hSÑÈdï%‘9a ï%��ÇP‡²ÖÌãJ_ŽöD©n¨C|}Vmå”U¼î¨v+j�ÐäC .ê –ê‰SkT)Q|LZeï%�s6ØéCï‰E�Y€sA·XXW.ÕªtÅwW.‹gØNÛáÿHú‚«ÒTKSª,×%šà ¶d†ˆ¤Ê�™¤•iêŒÛM BKƒ Ò_l#AqÔ!ê1VµgÑ¢6¥¼¬Cµ4"dl4»ªØÎNÅ{­]ÀsšCMĈF‚ã¨B8!ÔaZÒáÐ"“*6f•Vž¨¨Ö7â(Ñ×àZza�ÖD:�A²BYaaÞwÄbW’*,îõvú&›iB7ßs-%‡uÿ¼4» ­åÃv0šv¯'\›}¾‚Ç…k¯®‹·]î>©�75Àû#2.!´Ü×wñLÂ$¨Òàç«ÀÆÄ°Ú¸鴖±çÖâ±ôì0ÊÌ/°¨12¨Ú²¹µ*?³ÕÊɰÕÀñ9Âá°ùÓ6¼ù´Ç°÷¨Â9Ÿ˜ëàÝ…ë‡0ÞÒ‡²)±«ÿõ[Õ-±œÌè¦Ù©ÿ°­£ü³§±Õºð‡î‡<µ”�+i�Ô^@�Ô‰#ÙiV|ôÝMÛ&èÌ–¼ƒL´3¡L“?ûäæeß茎V³Õå>¡ Ùã yk)9Ln èŠØvH¹=‘]µ];p‹€7(ŒÝ:ïÄn(a�þ�Õœf¨&Í][��™¦ýù\ ½°Êak‹uëŒÆsþ)â³øŸ`ûÖ �æøÈ¹»€î¿ÔE ¾]Æ�6ÓfÅ'L�ÌmTŸ¥Øÿ½ï�ò$hkϲ3t뿸D¡×{^C™VVž„FQã˜Ç`¿ó‡òé|¶u63“”f˜ôCþšz•Þ%�Ö eÿÜw¾2ÿî;ß m*…­ iA*©+ê²jƒ¥#ü§QüLQu+ë“;Åöh€ê®™À"öCé¾ÇÓ:aù¬ªÓ4ù”�º2Ôrî�=˜�pÒOLgk’µ$z£8ÚÎÄ lÍ]qCÈêÅÆ£ÅötÃjU+R�YÍè`P óN�&‰ClöÆJ²#«09ýiº&¯ÓÕ¨ó-nÛ¡˜Õ1˜G˨« =‡ é.Ý€þíÚ£vEC/\a=Q‡Qå¿ò�xê=A°¶ø0š½&�A3]xŽõn»Ü}Dò5úáDoCÿŒ:Ôé4ÝMå¶‚5BTÊзuÒXzŒk—àý±ý®_ƒöÀ¦Ì¦]Oî~Ø42ô™ƒñ^ÿ)lMôŸ8]´e^Ø.7¸©†å$Ý|󯺗‘ Rw®ô·FU�lŽË\å¾ïÊz¹U®4‡#IÖDTÍTlî¨EOÎ IgV–¢¥þØ©F¥,j5QZ²ÝÓ¡¤*³4ó± ¡b†w, )Îá¶Ñ¤@¯W*µÆ�äi:ÈŠ™ª��Õ©ùÅGK<ì,½/öÅ]‰±XYz"ÁËÖ¤+P%eT ôh¡C4©+10kK"¦Ê­ÞÈÊÑvóŸá¾‡Q¨ÁZƒ¯¦ït9”2¢™wÆ\\{!�ÍPÄu0�xt¥5§Q 0QL& ‚@Ì}'ÏUq˜§`ŒÍ\5ú€B-ËÙvfÅaeè‹ËÕ£�IÆdYmìŒÝ_€ŸÇ£ÑY¸sâ²N¥ôµz8ÔÖf¡B!™vPÃk Á Ù£òsTh–׳¡!™º‚b.mÁ5 ã45úŽ�ßÕcéó±hª€¨A�…G  XÛÏ\8V¡Š×iT#¶_/C›÷¾"èm,Í fÓå¸HŒÀeYY²€ïç©É6;e]Q�^–%VBA†Ð¤Ì* +*©'Y0Ó™¡‰Q�'•zá™—7—ci‹,Õ j3NâàC�…ÑØÖaÒ¥¸Õ[úatWðôXm„"Þô‚}­…‹tÇoÙ4ê šëÄw¨»uÞãê°k·,oaÑÕä«ÿMߪÂÔ‘�ï42Θ»�W_Cz=\”ÞŒî”#ØV«¦Kº;=@uWLZ% ;=Vü¢f-A¢¹¨òÀY{J:ñtVÁªÆU5çsƒ€Zie¿ŒVú:�¦ìbã´¬ÑzY e*�mfÒa%E ±×¦)9¯lµKªÔ¶âi µc$ùØ”·ÄÁwõFqØ�ùªiËQ­ø»Ú"w|d‘l×¾üFÌÄ-¥¿ˆƒ–Ä9…úe²Õ½ ÄfBu‡ßé±Ìm,Úv‰UÈão\U*4:±s\ˆB�JÙiŠêM„µë¥\­=�Õ¨0ð M%¶}}©»Þï³ltEž€uYìû&�A3xŽõn?Ü}U†-$þ”A| }·jüý¿hÓ¨&c¯Þ¢íÇû�éé´3ñÑê‡Û4ê ˜ëÄw¨»qþãútIoxôú�èo_¨wÔ¦™ »+šþG5ÿŠG1¿ÕùGÿÚ?!þÑÓ·nÝ«VíØ±R¥J•*¸páÃ… ?Ÿ€OÄ'âñ øü~?�ŒGÆ#ãñˆøD|">��GÄ£àQð(ø”| >��GãáÑñhø´|>9�ŽGÅ#à‘ñOD:ˆuQ)kðß¼_êt]ɇûÂt.²ý5*^âÏgÆ�D¯ —¸øT¢ä] FW…J•*T©R¥J•*T©R¥J•*T¨[@!¨ë* @‹ß‹cÜÿf@?±û> ¸2Q®yÓôà6j]K !ÝT%¿ ö-€ÎYb³»´&¶,Bùìí©>±á·Éš/ºdν±èòÙä?Âòš�ï%t¸N¿ómž: ×�.µlñ—+¼³*ú7¤±ÿ¶'U¶ „îÌ%a×™‚\r� +[ÖTÄÖU·U%²¤ (²ö2šAª¬h_éÒ\ î°f¯FÝ÷ÂÍ\b%ýs`º�R *Ê�4¢Ë8Êi.ª± !ì·è\oNþtCFå™K˜Iv1ôvèM—£ Vµë;Üû�ƒU«À§•š�&t˜g–“Yêò07+ZÌávwÒ41�9†ôUÃÄß·ýSî0FàÕú1.ììCqO_eeo¾c–Ø�+ʚؽÖ àº• s†ï�q5-Úd³rÝu¹OŠ »„\vÃþÑeÔ¢•ȯôD,³§$Óèm[+eËwã�fœúG\ˆµigWi–p´jBVJ!Whå,“jÝš¦õ˜_©ÝÉc�63¸©B°²¤ÓKë)¥ y‹‡šÑlÌ©a%¥ÉV²ÎdóëÁ,]X›º²øºK]W�â¤J»ÅÄŽ·pBê|™TÔ!*EI,£ï7ú(JÜäªúv–Ä=â3ÆìÀëÌÐIŒ¯Îëæ#-ú,R™Jß4ˆ-ìQpAåüÉL¡ÂРøT©R¥J•*Íw åu~ò¥Hwæ¢1Ð;ÎéÑ™æ ÀÞ&ö‡ÙN€¥7”¢ÂÊé0ÛQì@âo©zfns%¾æÕ šÖEO+Mw˜*ÖÅ¥ ²7×ìᓵ�U¼aP©S æð`ôÚÞa«³é20µjpX“ 0v#­^?T—G#Ö©R¥Lö½ËÌY—ÛÖ@RëHh¢¿/H%,źYšåût„!WÁI7:>â5´HuÕX§úÕ*T©R¥J•*T©R¥J•3餩R¥J•*©R£†E€›|%»oçòüiù¹P @” É³Ý^¬q2rÐü?¨B„?छõa¿þEJ•*W�J•*¥J•*T¨¥K&b¿7Ù–*é53\cý÷ðž¶e˜õ¬ö¿Ô!B‚’nT}†ÿÔÄÇŽ<111111ýƒÃñ$Ö¯;¶x›I¡ÅçøžÊj”Á­*„!Oò(€�Ú>¹Zz£ÿÚ?!ï�ó¾wÎùß;§tî�ÓºwNéÝ;§tî�ÒÜËs-Ì·2ÜËs-Ì¿2üËó/Ì¿2üËó/Ì¿2üËó/Ì¿2üËó/Ì¿2üËó/Ì¿2üËó/Ì¿2üËó/Ì¿2üËó/Ì¿2üËó/Ì¿2üËó-Ìî�Ñ"ÿã�øßŠ×ö¯èY‰å¾©v¾†jæh¾Ó'|ÏÃÞ&ºÀq®žó4\/±¾¾ÙÖö—α¼ÔÍ5ľˆØó s Wœ/­ß´o­ß´G=æPï믴õ»�s4ÕÇXé깋Ð `ºxQðáÒ žCé¬ÂºÄ @2µrµüQJ‹‰ªYár€x\lð¹~2Ͻɗ5QCø\Lø5+xì•ÓÇ|ï:”¦Uû‹.!A«2æª-F¾éq|Š�E„¸±(l�®¨Ýø™&Ñî’Ëoˆ¿¦4@lŒÃ‰Dq…Ž¥EsÉúŠ¥ñl÷„ Ìu”qV  <¢;âÙ¾a*¹‚©ÌÏEÔAbˆYƒºëÓø`²å¸`v'ë Å#˜˜ºMeLü‘Ú‚jöš½¢²7›>]{@4žbj‚à2ó ® @²öƒ¢C±ÊÍŽÙU�¤f…GŇƒü’þˆ²w2�.»;™ÜÊ7bjëL@‡¤™ÉBõ�8ƒ‚V©bÆ’;º¤KrJŠAÁ=ÔÂé.li‰»rµ@³ázôe¬·,9UÀ æZ«Dq&IscL¸<-®’æJ4Êíw+D¦éé,hÓ0Õ¸F¦[VÇ+UqÑ�%Èñ5CL­·,ª‰^ä§fW�Wë2Ÿ¥nL>H/ÓXŸ@ >•.÷ð R´½+ÞV�Z´¹jí�y¿Wù�< ^ñ¼¦\õ€ÐïrËfѲ“Ô¿ê2¿¥_úÃ벿ýçúUÿîšÿM"§ÿÚ?!ì�“²vNÉÙ;'dì�“²vNÉÙ;'dí�³¶vÎÙÛ;glí�³¶vÊñ+į¼Jñ+į¼Jñ+į¼Jñ+į¼Jñ)ħœJq)ħœJq)įœJq)ħœJñ+į¶vÎÉÙÿã¥x׈áQŸ¬>…+´ÕQ�Ê Å:k1š�f^| Šc�åq ÅÌY*ë N#¦"�yT+Ê ˜˜·´S¦“Òª ÌYp^zÇú¤hŽ‘ | Ex‘о  —”-u-Äı¨z%¥x *TJñ*d–•àUn“.R¥KCZZD†Ýí6Ê•2âÆq*$.„Ë…¦0¥ Œ‘ fXS MªñpáØeB�¯¦5F©•Ç!ˆ†q³ä‰yåXÁpÄ.Ñ×1¯-ÔÞ;AóŒ@Rí»â-¯‰†º¸HfØçDÁx4|�ª~Þm|Aú¢Ué,�ý¡¤ÖhwŽˆƒ‰µçÀ½â:ø,Œ�–2®-5¼wyŒ4M¯02i×0ñ#à!©Тv’Ýj!±;IÚK6!èN†bÍ©iRÀé*å3 ijU�H>d%®S0ÖñÚ‚œ�6%«˜§…XÔŽÑ(êKÒ·u˜f¼øjŠrJð®úø`¤¹aUí-”5õ˜)É2Єj\p ¨aIpÕ�eÖa§IiF’Ž¤Þ”Ü—öúÃ/úUaÒWD¼ZÁôÔˆýuúVªðurøÖåëÕÍR—ßüœC þÁ)p¬&t–ZmR�Nð14yP—ý+—ÿªýr_ÿ¼Jÿý×OébçÿÚ ´´’Km ›m-¿òKl’!¶š]4õ›# $’I!� ¿&ŲwšÖR{ùa,äX­¥ÆQ0ó$’I)ü ¿,�6‰š–9H°Û–ß}¼úH%û²3´æ$’HÈ ›R-i³£Z™¢µI†Ü5´k¨‚µË|ì+ý•$’F•0èËÏ™Zu禂µÐªrÕS)–*q††ìÕÅ’)¬B½F!†3 ”BµÓnG.ínZÃôD†œqœb`ã1—ZdÒlT­ž\GqTñ]h•ˆu…‚h1r›\Qª¡Yj³gØ)éeFréTq@®<ðx9ð ‚Ñ<*·t%pLi¢ ÉµßåŠ 4Õ:¬±âPºÒ Æ•¯g%¥®M³2�6hKnÍ|ÔLMðWÒTj0@(Ù×d ™?I³3¡X2µÁ ÷úU72’˜ƒ ´ŒœëõePXä#@­Kn E Ë+Ù€Ùiæs)UŠ&f¦ KÖépïkQ—âs¨¯{£t˜˜l‹< -ãÀKÓ5S3tçrTÇä»” ‰Ø7«å½¿”! [4ÌÐé-ÄBƒ¡°^&\ET-ÚЃ¸h‘ÙP8‡W™�IwÑpU@ {)¤J⯆@-X2òªœ\Ò‹MkT¤UŽæ1{LíÜ)¹©LÜD�F¤F‘¤î=Že6tejK ‚^%ÜŒñ'Z5ÀÔr⵸yŽÖëŒQ}-F´«*R�j*øe£(� è} ¤­„¡:{f:!Iד£}ËÖ,݃k #WÜí³rkÿ@ŒJ¶á²àÞÊ»Á¢ñ™ºÁ½Õ…ÅËmUÙиt�(TG€h"ÐÁe%Ø,ÕcÆ™u?h„Ë 5N ¦4¶‡-@ aÛD´ašìPÑÑÓÒa =À€oç8k°XëW€]Ê3E˜÷Lå C(´eUÙÐ\Q*ÖÐ@<˜&ô£Û A×ü"°R’•’͘šzîÒ`óEÐÌEBœ\† x(€öL+/Šß–¨«F âÍ…^s„ˆl0]eS;˧‘5åà �óöBÎíµùx.ZÌc“„Ù™NŒZoƒAïôXÄ3ÔËEW¤î4{ŒW¼ÂöQÓªÄk5ƒk£ Z]„°ÌwººT®9„ =àQÖLY›¶V¨‹tJ4„"Þ)HN4«-Ì=Éc±Õð*<×Ö À_1_’#÷vºž¤R �¨g :s¶Ð…U+Õò�c ö(*¤PTlþ6jÿ9.¨PÝ‹JÓ{ŠaK`K­Æœ›T'pÎPèMÎÛAÐ#0W¬�4e¤ñiÂ*=+M èj¯Ô y¬‰öÅ[²U{†Þð(•}cjswšMºx›Hün¨µ{²Çp–…Azæá¨DCMVŒ*Ûc‹¹ŒÑA€VmümÎx¿&ÄΑäJá CPäÆáÏÔŽ-�4˜ ±OîY/;ÂJ‘"Ç @÷ˆŠ»Å—%m÷ŠZŸ„Nãæ!Ã�é¼®Þù`-ø4G‹‚4ß‘\LÜ÷0Ám‚�¦÷,¢¨{’¸s’˜\ hµ.uV:AÈ?iiuÿXLÞà Ö¡l{mÈ´Î ÍiÍ.ft ǖ׋؟æê«ŒB „ ň5:,—þ¨–­«ªÁˆŸV±í˜ï‚ -¬¹‰=-¥öÖf+ô2—ž·MšÛjT÷4ËðÊ[�EPt9–úì+ÕÅñò(Ô­.í2ê¸ï-pBVPpž@ ·:G][¢ÆQš¨*+ Û ÆöÁ£¤Q�œŒ¤•­´¶ Z65>â ´;�(àç¼(´),ÒÑXô• Åað�Cæœy� «Qì ­pçT•îõ²BPS\EÒù0À:ÜÞ:Çμ�vQ±¾»Q3iUËmoÎ-Àü ›<Êy€L�ŠÝ¸Žz¢ŽÆÇ¤XSLë –ºjÈa†~ÞĄٙ8LzoƒAïüÉlvåÏèS-å|έ+X×<×\ ƒ£Ì{Ê2‹-]V£4(Bl€—`Zöâ)¬êxT¯ �*‹hl+¡­Lm"²T J˜7,€i¨`VÚ ‚‚/ô)Ùº¤anFÊlÐ]Jà pØßväŽxÇ@Ãtß}%vY’”•êC¢ ÀhWi;îr؈‹!rðŠØÁ™‹›GV@¶’ê/@ ÁU—§tÊFºaš•SZl ¶ƒÕ6‚9„±Ço>¡­eãÐZ9pœû&+P{@Ab©º;ÀÞ)xÕi¿x>|µl‚ÆáS4d’I¶ m/¼C+wn=ô*èFšO6Âv�ŰÐ÷Ó_8 tŒ ûi› Scij²ß>‘÷¼ ¯q0Ã? �;#‘—¢ÉƒÏ‡ßù‡‚h€LôDO2È>lc2¥J•*T @•T @�AAAA$j…PU¶5¨AA„Ó $v² Up�C£J|ÌÍÿ·ifš«(ÞÓÙðUõXÀPc �»ó+áêý[� 0øÐ;&̾–Lx4>ÿÀ‡‰ •¥@� P J� @�!@ @„AAL“dvÐYòBÐm 4h%](‹ÜÙÞÌ=Òƒú›Ý%‚mOT Çð;&ÌÜäÇçƒCïüHx�‡‰B �Ê)G0`r€s”P9@å”®S¨T* …B¡1 …B¡P¨T* …B¡P©HT#Û¸T,fÉÐ-2ÂŽî¦7fäÒ§CSÎnÞ»Ü*r’�˜ÜÚÎ�šœJÝXp’·à§ñ MŠçNß>ÑLÊÊ.4Üû ?¿IÿÚ?¿Â_á/ð—øKü%þß o„·Â[á-ð–øK|%¾ß o„¿Â_á>á>á>á>á>á>á>á>Á>Á>Á>Á>Á:IÐzNƒÒt“ ô�'¤é='Ié:OIÒzN“Òtž“¤ô�'¤é='Ié:OIÒzN“Òtž“¤ô�'¤é='Ié:IÒzN“Òtž“¤ô�'¤é='Ié:Iö ÷ „·ÂFâ´+û×ôDYâCoÕü._…Ë—.\¹råË—._…Ë—.\-¤¹råË‹–ô±Õ ¾€U]Sல¹Øu‚›:XðHCÍÈl‰à¨ñ­×‚všø\cStújÓ´¯ý"dº³4ßZ}–}ö ·×ˆÈýºÜ[^Ô¨©C· ‚—Öèâá5lÿ¿ö`·>±E(©+7=@�H–§7Ò%¬ {ÃØ/>±E(T.ªÓr«_€Ä¶æt©Gk”ž‡åÖ\ ;Àj©tÐÙWé¦÷<Ü?NËïk6ânUkŒu´¸{¥ûoYWV¸Ã:Q\ËgbT£(º~î7ÚŽaºÿÜoÊ‹–�HàØ<æÎl‡a¨Ö]�•}àÜUîYÕ�îY5²ß)µ]v”0õ10*¢´ÖYS¸bË—/ÂåËð¿0 LWÓ褵d çÒ×´VžÇûÖÒNÆ}?üÆB¯ÂåË—.\¹scá.cçËMáR…ç۴ЧMçý„hT½ë?©ž# uûT´ xa‹ŠžV�¸„àÚºEM>ìŸã-Ç�-ñçtÃÃóú‚`º¸ÍLpèüÞ’ÍŠ]=3ª-ÖÝâÁ—.\¼Ë—._…ËðY~€˜ï§ÒKàܹ~ün_…Ë—.\¹qf‰~/Áþ câ w�?õoÂÿ�ø=¾‹üø á–lÓÿiñÔ¿¤ý«:Fh׬§?™ÿÚ?§ÊSå)ò”ùJü¥~RŸ)_”¯ÊWå+ò•ùJü¥~R¿)_”§ÊSå)ò”ùJE>¸éŸ)±á¤R)þ’±õ$’I$’u¨�¶Ùê'²Ï:‰Ô±·£Â³Ü¨�¶Ùê'²Ïü$”Š´¥¥~¸é¿(ÝJ„Øÿ³ú¾Š*´¥³ÕÏŠ:°¨:ñ©¸é¥J•+¥J•*%µþ°Õ©R¼@×1×ꨠóµvó¸ƒB›Ï°¨?³§•Œ·ÉÓ?˜Û³¢µ÷´Ú·¡±Ê×ý†ºèàÓ2­Šï¾±°¨´¥¢-+µþ»âëÞ±«³Ûð„Ò†ÒW+D¦¥À€P� ÉÖ¥¨Í6ƒ®Ky”À(@ð©^+ùÈg¯Ñ¹[R§åÖˆgÔ~ö‹ô‡¡ÄW/ÐVþ“´xF±­ƒ&»}ëSÕX†€h‰Ž‰©~ÞsìÇ^²«³:`oÌs.÷ Í–cËü”åÊ/Ÿ(&lŸjýň††qšfP5LS±¯® n1®½¡¼+ùWñHÙõúB"ßüZ•àø×ð¨D•àT©R¥Jñ¯æ‘²ëÿ§^5üIR ÞT¯ •*WÒÉ»ÿh�†…J×�a5%¸ŸÿÙ Fð4">*{Ê̳5mý °_M'ÿÿØÿàJFIFHHÿþSoftware: Microsoft OfficeÿÛC     ÿÛC   ÿÀ‰ˆ"ÿÄ  ÿÄL !1"A´²*• š§M²îT¦†¹åS1�Ê HÉlœ�ŽÃ^þ áÜn :ý¥[·Lû†UJ#Õ(Áy…Ÿ) =~Qþ/'Ðo æÙ;*¨€¨ÍWSœô˜«öv҆τ…:SÉçWN\õÀчfg_7$ª½Á_©·ø15õ*‡Kv [–Ü|ù\uÄœ®á<¹Œœé¡"CQ[ϸ†Y@æSŽ(%)òOmy6”¥ J„öƪ×U—¨tm»¯Ôr¥¶”«‘µ]ñ#+)1ÊJSÀ3ht¤©'¡é‘¢+ES3XCñÞmöV2—PRT>w×·J«Bѧí´[Öì J`[ÕHè©Á¦2²ˆQÃqüËHÌ¢‘ñÆuÓØ�ㇾÛoK»¡Rj4Vf +ÙjLò/·tËAôPïð=4DÂÑ£Fˆ�4hˆÑ£Pë¶M&÷ErÃjár™Wv W+æ÷BeGŽêŠy’H<…A+÷Ǧˆ•œZß·µŸk@ŸB¡È¨X-º‡.ª•XùͨáÏelN™j˜'<½z�-ŽÜk=y‹olhÒ'Ø3"¦j+”²ãôø²–9‹**'�©Qåì¢y°U©fËÏ›A�'m.W=ª¯o°–âËu ¥;è²þ=Täܦ’{(i=o7‡Ýç]±´�¡ÏÛë¸?Q~�PR‘Ú•‘Îûd––HÃ@ý!ÓôD·Ü} ÛÚWæ5JÜvõÛýÒeÙ1Ú£!ÇŸ£U™ .C>²Ðs#™Äã•h:|[œ)MEº«jñÜŠííiGq/ÒãÏ@�R§)'("{K¨§°=;çSËfß ìeªˆ‚C•‹Ž=!Ù/žgŸyÕøŽ�>¢ ÎB”j!pßµJûŠõF�Ø2Ò°1ñ>º‹Ýv‚–×ùg´þƒêy|û–ê†Ó=whv[Ôý:©½›/k¡¿ Êu÷Ô%÷ß\¹2qÅ’¥=禉[ÉOh”Ç„ûÀ}bBF”š5]ÔmuÆSùX`îùçä¥ñlý#o.>8ù&šw¡¬ù©Žcàà×F.ëÑ'‰LºÈ'³ˆ ã¤Þ�cǵWF—‡x�ôÂî}†…äxõʲÚÜ »apå6úTõv«�í±Û�VÛ»kâË¥Tè·4§ÊîZƒÄH‰÷ ÜJ˜!Ç@$%A@v'לiOBt:ëeÁÙH8:aÚ›¬ë+Dj¿å=€:§úÚ™[v¾ ‡ë¸O1êýÇÅGk6~XA}9Þ9þê ÄåÉe¸arÈ£8íBá«Ó…«oSYÃ’f¾¶üç°I%Jì‘ß^vŽÇ^õ‹Æ¥Vkão ÚìÆTX6â’ì¥8Ó\™~BÓËÊr®fМz¨êq#`,êÆñÑ·Z#! Hî±Î\eÔ¸VNçAçHŒƒ�Gï�Á‘¹Û3½lÓí¿óª%Š�üÙÀ‡BP•gÊIP$%]ù»K©\&Òiݹv:ò“·G²â ÀpJ£K'ÿr*²×Õ²“¢.%o‡-ï´î r±jn«ƒ4Iaöá]�ÒÜ¥²®�2$´:¥h'é¤à„‘‚3¦»µQÙί–Œóq®(T×_…΀àK�9ÉIî½ûtî]b™r¿¹ôúM-êTÕÀŒªO?…1 Œ®@çê‰Àªu_x߸¸öre-_“‡ÒÒ}œj=vº Mõäp¸ddý–Ú‚„Õï¼ú­ûy›²þR=ð¬ÔÏö�õ±ðµ÷ÿ³ÒØ¿ëµ÷¾êÇpÿÅ–åÆÝK´³‹W¹™o°Õ*‰Q„Òy´³°ù:Ž Âáõn¹óÀXµ÷�£.¸'³Ò¥Oú¬³ó5²ú½¢ÂÎÖB°ª±ÊÂ@=²¹ó²¿¾±¿�Û#ûQ¸½ÂáæÔ°À´ÊÒÛ´i³ÒÄ%²Ñõ>©ÔÊÉ·ÉóRÇE7ªáÙî=<ÍyoÊvÏR[îEÖøÃÒ@ι']y¨]÷Å‹¶-Ól«&ž»æç\d"›jZÈKÜŒ�„—Ÿ#-�Žª#ì:†ÙS·+k·*Ÿzî[ÔÈŸ‡Ó¢®Ð·˜/|Þ´¡jfB�^Z@(q@`%I=“¦fÞØ›[ÂÓj|'i6Ù©È“WqÙ ¸¦Ôà$“•%@œGMC.7¬z¥mÚNÝÒ*›¥t0Ò¼&íØeÖÛæé•>p”¤‘Ôç»V:¢•™Ñ¨ÆßMÁÛ:MR¿æ›�q*ÔüƒìÒÚQC¨éñûÑ¢$þëq[·4+â¡jP-×7+pVYšdT¼ä$¼êüˆ¨ôÏ©é¨=†­ÖÜ›š5ÅUªÀÙ J{=å;)ðs€êÉð‡ÒìÜj{i_¼<î%ŸM«1 ”ÛSQíœË†¦ä%Ç:ùœJBй‰Éκ´­¸¢ÞŠ$›r*¦“N©32¥DTÓ!·ÙFTó�œ ÷Á�]1w&rèvŒjjd¸û®„²§\#�i©8÷ã¯Ûª¿¿±Û—³÷;!.²äR…¡C!@�:}nôÒýÄÔ|ùXd~ÕuÿM"w×ù§¸ÿÝÿý Q—ê§T^º0†�gŽUŸi€Coä >ßÙf·œ)»¶StÛM)ÛY÷�}‘ÔÂQPéýBOCéÛW²¢B6±Ïp£�ú:‡qhJxz¼ˆ8"*H?ßN«ßü[³^°gÙW„€ÕI¨µ ¢ê°% ýlt×ZG~#´vˆj\7Í;È=KHiÏ~9ûú­ã} Ëq–öDÍt'NìòTÊŸX™A¬µQ§Ér$Èîø�<Ò°¤¨„vnºm~±^u6TìzÄ— ˜”ùð9P>ã×8Ôeßãö�hG ;FÜÞŸ ×#&D9ŸãÌÚ°œ)'Ð�\·Û£,�²µÌÈÞ =wNx|ð«;Mî²¾•®Æ…æGUk¾Gö^›ý²ÿùk¥ò—Oƒó]�(5ëÎãëð‘û3�w~N½¹hvNì·•íˇV�¶ ÁP)Êr=ýµT·6ÉݽÁ»fÕk´ÝMÿM´âØ$%°£Êa®«Åkg o˜ip”´*Ðòaho㦶ªfÆ)³�Hć7–?bNëõhSd¥I'¨æÕœá7†ª¥Éºì;xÛ²âÑií nc%(yÌá)9î;œ|5`8êÙz,Ý¥n·G¢³­K�ÚQì1ÂTãJò”�‘Ô‡îÔBDÒÒ>¨é»Ë™ÇèÊý¿·Q_iì�æLeà�Ö—z£¿¿¦U ÚoçzÈþÔGî/Z/G©.�U�1¿¤Òˆ÷�Q¬ëÚÆ�¼VKo4¶\MQC‰)#È¿C­:‰Ö½Ñº7·B5øªßÊ [%à´ê mù¹v¸«Û›Zö¥X×�Ëo~Ò­Š¢dÈ‚SÜñ_G„â¹Õa -¹Ëƒô5"·6ÐHÜ:-íiL‰n[(¤|ܺšülGÒd© Gˆ>#9ûµRaî ×MqvNÔÔ¯]ɯÓ9cTk3ê >+ƒÊ¥-^2ºõÂGß«ú’qSOãõ}áyNxüÌ®�¡!\¿±âmüšÓF®õF¥]žíZ@|¥>r•xh’@õø÷Ñ¥‡œ7ÜûwuI¼¯­Á¨Þ7ˆŠ†Ô,”Á‚ÒÔ•©-…¥¡>cîøèÖZè_ßñWÃãöE t»†‰K§{AˆO4¶Ê0‚9{Žßv¸ìnõŸ¹¼BíüM­å¨Ê†ä§î ¥>9n2 n/)Jx´@î9IÓu­¨Û¿·é´ÓlÑ£AŠÒ#GK‘µ¥88É=:�M-º ‹>ÎŽoÌÙKa_ƒ®ºDѺCpÞFuÅöcxhyiGºþLÏè·û£ImùW&Ò\ª �#g ?HvynÌRÅÔ]Áå}¤¨³§ùi#¾ŸÁÝ«¸*¾{ؘ<3õ¹T�ðÕ ]üÌŒ9¸¹[D¾‚?7©ÝñÇÝ"¸”n¡wì�ÏH£Ñjó*2˜JaÊÏ:O»Ý¬ê9îˆ ‹ àý?Ó[ŵ\hØ[¡V¤ÑXLØÙë "+삞|vçé§½F|jT %¸–c0‚ãŽ+²RIÕ«³¶Ê;U+££“}¤ä“Ž81ÑE¶™—_Lc.”æ)1€0u:Ž9×¢þv÷„{ʉN¡O [µª¢&ÅB¥Fö îHHJc¤ý =N:j‹¦ŠS�S¦ ·6Šˆút­”þÜgì#^zņº¢�’AÑÜeí 휴m4Ô—j–ï:0Ü8pÈæÕ~¡²âÒ„Œ©D=çZqÁ_µ-ž¶eUêò�©Õ¶›sٟ⌀O©ë¬Ñ£Ên ^ ‡SÌÛO¡jð ÖÓØ÷E.ðµiµZ<ÆfÁ}„)2  :‡ÜG»[ýš‚)&|®õ›ÃÛĪ¿Ë%Ò¶–Ý#ò¦'|ãûpZ3Ëñª‘Æ¥N%k{äÏ‚ú%C‘ ;�<ÙÊT’“‚56ùP?Û"ñþ£¹¤õ‹²·êX•낎¥Ï“CR¸Dåkk—9G¼�v·ÒÛè¨+ÿs· ®èI Üy/.GYUWGøkFðxu#ê™ÿ'ó-ÈÞ9í:„¸Úén¥HPÈP*NAkÞ{FÙž%ìº�!š}«Rq·#¸®TÇx´¾Ç·)'î:X|Ÿ –÷𤕤¥i¦¸#¨<éÓwåqMØV§))?8¸r;‚Ô ë,ÏÚŸB�û­™›Žð-v¾ÎJ]oŽ&Ø=)íË¢~ðñ5gë)ö›¦Êabºº\÷!—TOøiã#“嵤•8ê‚RÇT3äû¾®­Ú�×Ï©2©Ö‹KmŠŠÎV뎤%(Qõ)@W_r†´³ií³2 ª£Éü‹Vò;¯þÚ�Rا†±–§¸’:g9ÿ\‚ÙU]¢šW´`1ž¸áïMZtDÀ�:{4€�Ø5¹6Ü×nÔ/ÂB¹Kˆ#'¦;{µÜ[†£~^‹ÛkVåM¿>=f×¹Þö‰>ÌœŒ÷p´¤)\§¡Æ¯j»u5l-‚vå­Æ9pU\sSHeŒàŸª¶Í 4ÚP;$3£_µä¡ÓªðV\…>3r˜Y*mi IÇØF�l@ÀÀX|T+tlÊ�BµlÝôìM¸-§-B�¾DÊŽúh/ê,ò ¥G¦SƒÐ�(÷ ÿârR«bÃÛÑ·^Ò RîËŠ{ûOB¦iJç^3‚z«A¤ç›¿wí%· ÛJËré¨Õd7N�(¾ ‡Û’½C]z¨zŒg:å"ußlðA¶–ßÒS*ì¯Ëš†….8/Ôª#Š\Éœƒ¯E)n®ŸW9Æš— *Ÿ¹vä+Šß}¹�惌ºÙÀuãžÄu ‚’›c²7¦ÍîÌ š¨”nuÛw±á×n ‰ðE¶sËX!1ÈW hb¤ƒœgo6ú.ÞC¬¶Ä§d®«T‘V|¸p„8饴vB@ îrORuƒ[G|§˜h~ádÓTIK(–3¨TˆÞç\UGî«U”šÑHLúZÈGµòŒ¤ž�À:uè¡�vª³…qå»K.ÚÉåv,”ÝlüRzýýµ±ÕËf�¸ž©P'Å“! Sn.3‰Z Òp¤«”1Û¾�[Ÿ±Ô Ç1®ª%Våò–ÞGÅ ñÕ=]GQjw›ªi,äñÓ¡þgÄ/Gì�” h¢c~1ú Û×tôî:x,ðÕ´ù=÷=«kp'Û5 ¾J«@ÇC«Â:Ø_o1^m•4q·vF–ñàFAÐðñW–iìrìõá¢g‡5¥À‘ÔdpãƒÉxÝâËáë‰z=Àãf—è†ëTŽŒ´÷:p²=õýºëq)¶'±mÙϳ)1&)ùõ y£El¤ •ŽŠWê‚OÙ§]C…ºûZ§Ö· H¹æÁIá¥6rr|™%Þ'V*ÁÚ’ìV"Á‚ÝŽÐ Hi „�îJF¢ÔL’JŠYé÷¤©�¸<ÛÌ®º�p8{sªæcažpÈr:òϼ�½á«‡jnØÚ4ëBÞmF;?”›9ió¼áúN+â} ÀÕ‘½ª³vÛo¥È¶­É-V;E©QT”*C¸<¼ËQ)Ïuw)ÔFmÊ;ŒSBÞBPVšå6›Q‘Nv…´—Ób�JOTœ€$~¤ËL‹rˆÍµoRéÔ¥G§Åj#jWr–Ð3÷ èèѯ™nCe·[K­žéXÈ?v¼ôhˆÔ[r¯–¶úÓ“Sð6j”˜ð`·ôåÉYåi¤üT¢>Á“驱·•·×W°ì;ÃD»_¯¦£nÒã¿à°ÚÒå-<©�‡ôÔ2p¾Üă�'8§Ì£þ;«Uê‚“&ñ‘ís –¹ÚiŸ@�¢ > dØEÙ»í~\v��T¬@¢- ¿_ö?ü9O)<ÞÎs�\`ûõ[âÑ«¼?l=ÏSÜé1.unmN“cBxjs%¿ùºerà åÃiòô<ÜØÀ´5mAÙ ž…°ú¸%*ÕéÇ vc§�ÓðJsÊ H×ÃØÙZñ�yô׿œÚ«í9õf¥Cq_Eµy’ÏQ*îÆK«Dr¶ Ua¸0¶d¤)  t”{x›ÜŽ.öš¹M¹cɶܗU¥Å¤F�•,e�huä,œýQŸ­¦·µªý·cÛóíËŽ§oNv·×Ou)6ã�+ '=;MEçÙ‹dÎß ,?âqðÔ-ÜWªØ†évðïQ«K‚ú•Szu"Ù¦Å�ëž&\yN¥µ{ÛJòýÐ4󳓠fMi–ýCc˜ÿ¦ ö…ÅuÒ¸‘­m‹—=Bá¶ž &¥í’ Ê[Å\¡>2R î�:ZW+U[)WÆÉî5n£sV.G&Ò®TÜ#ÛXuil² y@uƒÌ¢Œ‚º†ËPoÊ\ÿ}°» ö°‚�žƒï”ú¸îm±Ù©´˜÷j8«TÞK4ø‹%é\'6Ò$çá§$)¤¤¡$Fû´„â bØ«pÔõ½mEnVÚŽÍJŠQз&6‘ÍßÍ…$õëÍ©žÖï5*óØê ÿ)ሠ½(à’Ë�´‘ï é©-5=w)Ø;¿š­,ÓËPíé\IïUŸp7öá‡{ïk‚�U7e›6§év+îfx´•áÔ¬…‡9šƬå¯vX\Omˆ›L”ÅÁnÔÊâ2PôwG^UŠiä+ìRHÈÔfñat~%­ Õ>Ú~ºíJŠü RãÇGæK©[n­Õc•'™Äàœ‡]ÛO‡+*ÍÝ{ƒq)ÔòÅÅZåñ¼%–㣠å* ' +W\¬‚£žúË] ÷dè‹Bb¯ù¯±XƒRãQO€”Ër"Uù7e-' tŒ('©8gèÑ¢#F�"4hÑ¢#F�"‡îÒZ[Ÿós—4ùtÉ •i@":“”­·T�~ãë®&øÙ7uýl1D¶êtøŸ}¨‰¡À옠�¦ÜFy †G1Iï¦^�U½ÿÛ×i[±²ÕËjÃ}ØÔ²WQ©QᶯgŠ[-ò«-I�è5éãúµH=ŸI©-å7.á†ë­²Û¤†¼­d e {újÕhÑFÙê„N7ö»iTR¬ûåiª[UéJSœÎ‘…Ä[ëÉ$w@QíÐjGÆu2§!ý°ªÛ¶ÝNæ¸(w+3“™¸±•I|•ôJFîFH²Ú4EðÁ˜º­%¹3‘y®ab9T‚Ge¤Ú4�ÛN éö¥©I¸nª­ÅA�Rv¦-Æ—ì´ÆV·ý°|-ÄЉ ª^H7'³_ àí’m:ORÆ¥(¼iþ¯Ãü3³°bÏ’QÉf£Ä5Õ¿4åƒô®=3Wµ^Vò®Æ¾š±¡'o²à/ß�dÕõX‰�Ü«ìO$PÃÚ”ï\”dÌWQ»¥²€^3ÉØ�ÅFÊëú37W§|ýÃo‰é‰"ïbë[¨îcæ›0ûiÜ-ÖËq º ¸÷îä=ºb3ºYÜó´�0þ]ÈùIèFÝëÖv·/yq4JÊÕàä5;(â»í–eÔÏ>/Ë™dãŒrCŒ�ìW_%ŒD€(×Û§÷zr6ž!Z—„BI4©?# ÏÊ) 't<–§±ëAì^G×ó#Kw·r=+Ãñ"™vší±�¤³¸‹Õ—�©¡ø¾;í×,Ë!‡>,ÑÖŒx&%ŽQôòû‘' CŽ$“b¤ì�TÕÕL0�nù„¹÷ð–ƒÖ�O¦íÇÔ'í6äõÜüð~• ”ò—º—”üª±7F÷$ýª“Ó u÷UÓèT1wURdîÕu2¬±ž«MNIˆÂøxân¿­ïm�åqIõHþ„«D²ŽêåšUå@;'áwp×QÑmîÁ’0"¸¡£ •‰5øÇñËÐbᧆ­}Vg§…> Âá–eé4˜Ž’1œAñïß–þ欹d2“\;;¥êÒZLtýB¨ñGoØðV?Ëà‡I ²º†RXUXn=Æy–Ú³ Eš2žì ûÇ#Ðjº…¢zvó•Oå 0ö :öÊ¿5-ü ·’\$>®¶Ä¶ø#¡ }uiqhá3©R£pkZl +¶j:¹´±U•ë°ÛƒñICԞʾ=6ĵ½[OÓƒH«RAÐü_¼aJò5Ø Ôû{äJ7šúáå�É–bC>Û Pqì(:xeø±OS�æÌ@…x_º$G ŸÞÓ›0Åo.{ÿ ¦©{=üf ‹ƒÀYb�à èßÍ_£ n%·’ˇÅê8 ¦ãÄŽÙ,³Ñ-VÂArÕä+$ì*Õì~Œ$¸Ó9!” �;æûK‹ˆ }5°ø:ÉÊrœ+ö¥"¢¿ÊÕ8{wåû3§É ´@N$�îå€èX‘öºxwÌ Z<ùá,½(�eÎgÉÊ–|xä!ðÛ�÷¥ÞU³I&–íÔÖ,MÑjÀòù�?^Jr;åÇu?”eìøˆÉn;8Di`b9Ù>féÁÕsJúU{©Ù³fÌÆ‡eMܓҙ‰ 1 ’z…:–¥F`€ò峸­)^ƒÆ¹F£Q 2‘^˜õ‘e±qq¨É1ßfd®Ä …?ÉÃ|Ži÷kk9w”©SN£¡þ`úä~î6càÔQO£–`hu˜!€œ³fr”»É=[rc‘—¤XªF]ZÇsÙ‡Ø~àá;Ïsf’Ú?F€©_c�ý'¨\HÝxžÊ¢¦„þÑjôñÂ�3½ÍŽ—y4óq�m�ã�¶êÅX ä{òéï•jsC<„ôñœdO…,µQ�žÕæ˜ÄÄ2‹‡®Ì6êKÝsRšâÊ n ˆ„C 3€‚¼O¦œ¨Nø6ÒÖîÍãvòAÏ—U:Ò•§0‚Jþ¬È†¿JEqpVÜ25];‘-6nuÅ}A´=¤¿RóEÄ õŽäšÔñœz«·s¿óÉ6sýFûëZŒ—‘�“)�ˆpA¨èv®Jô­zÖö%ºÃtV‰ˆ˜ô1×­|2�§\\@9Kõ‰<›u8gà Öü OÞ\Ù³fÍÃcRéÚ–òÉ;mSÈ;݉8—RU…v Œ˜` ZÎ9íšZ,JX7O„nAÍ6§²„a)✉ˆ‰ï}û¹0Ïd ¿sç훟¶èpA)™¤E~!Bòµ®Ç冯adêTÀ€åP§ïZÆÁÙ¹3bc8Ž+ o¡¦sÍÈă²ÇPÓÌa–ä ”jÐ òïúò'ù¦Oè;º¾áÿ“ë’™´+W©‰š2iAö”}Ç#~cÓæ[ëÊË<Öò¤aM7tePÕèNfäË©Ä1 Øáà ¸åâ@Ô}2¾Mb0—6c!Dw‡’ùU¿çfÑÿæ6ÛþN¦LtÏ:M ù×T·»˜þ†šþä\'~™õ,¨cN]j½‰#>E“Ë–úÄz޽}õT±t– JY=WÈ<áû›…mÇÅÓ/ÎMåéuYu RkÕ¾–Y牢xÌ,ä=9È«Ì33Rƒ`7¯\èHŒ¥R·:ý.´X�ƒ½½í­í.ä´½R®`&Ky“‹²!CF¡øX5v;Ðg4hõx¼Å«êÚ2ñ{ æk¶ä¡ eÝ™eFeä¤!é¿q½1Ÿ—ž|´´ ¤jRp‚Få îM"v¥Q«°Bw¯c×cPmå�cEƒSóD—×p-¤Ó–@ì…e��Ç. ¿¨=5®bÜ¢kqѰðÏ„òÞþ)Þ…ç­/U‘-gSe}!â‘9äŽIj�½ûAw4È¿ææ…¥ÛØ[ëðˆ/d¸ÌcVA"É)y ß’ý®»ï]¨+hrÌ­oæk´Ù”²¼Ò*ΕäULLÊ V¥O]…2üïç//yšk-ÖµÒÒVžëSxÀeˆúB(Ã,„ì­UÐ�²x¸¸�‡ZY‰«èô+Ê3£ÿÌ ·ü™L€4Ùëß—¬PYŧÍbÖé-¥¸ã%š6õQB¨PïÏá©"›�ðûJüÂò6�¥ÙØ~—õ~©PzŸW¸^^’åÇÒ4­:W8æ¥k¥YjG¤ê_¥-Êiý·£Õ‡§ÂRIØ_|x,JÁFÉ”¶Gj-1¯zÓp�·È «¤vVÞܳ@F©$ç†6žhàFç‘cFjÓ“� šã�—JÒ“S2¬ˆ�)Høòb?›ªíš½VIG>ñÏÖDo‡øk™÷¹Zh�)‘á�¤]_[L5í[M¸ˆÁ ‰”ž2îá¨Aº|²2ǶM­ü¹¥ÃBc30<ƒHÄý^*GÌ`ä±²�—§osR¯ÅUOU4ƒ”eÐj5ñ2Ê'¤Eüܘjqb� ¥ï/:Ë·¶¸º”EoI!좴¥O€ß©Ã OO®¹%�ªÿxëÁi²óÏÙ*×Ãa“;++{u··^(»’z±îÌ{“˜šm²äœdxcŽF2#©~]HÇ�,ÌX^l/ü7­Ô£ÃÇÿ5æÉælÏþIÓÿ;'Ì~§óÙ›‘ýnÍ›6lœ4“MÿEÕn-OÀ�^ Ö´<“}ÿdœ;ÈÞ¶L’Ë£•Y*w£ÄSþ¹ó1(¶Œ¬¤|lô!výšþŸ»5x5X´þ6†¼9žÎã#È93Å,œŽü@_½ªj‹j¦H7|ÂÜûø .‹I–k»vc;q¦õ"µ$ìI-Û à’6¹F¹cé–¬­¹$Wzï]òC.½§¥8––½x-)óçÇ(†\Z©O&¦q„"8qã¾WüUÕ™„±�`’w”«ìx�4s¦k2:--në4'°$þñ:³vˆÂÙÚ|Õ¥ØëñOsêA!ûI%>×S±5¨ðÎ=©é·š]ãÙÞ' WpFêêz:àÿžù¸ìílrÃÂ3&?Iþœc°�pµ8 %ÄF[û‰è§Æ9Çcøa·¬)RA{Òž'«ƒÌ–eU¨Ëö†û�ý™•š7Â~8¶îq,µRJ�E®Øœmr‰ËEèŠlœ åMTÐŽ˜Òp^•¦Üj—ÑZ@ \�QÀ¨D¯ÄçqÓç¿LŒçÄÊF¢’{™Æ&D‹'`É<ƒ£\júºÜH9Ç!ð™›¡û$R1ñãc�[SÒn4™RòÍØÂ¤RM¹#tø¨(AþÃî]åS¦h,‹¼q'^¡œIsñ*Õë÷m‡óù›Hž'†h%xœQ”ªÐÿÃç=—.›SÇ’Y9Ýaè`#ÊýüË´„2áá„aÅòŸÒ'ŸÉ£ëê1PÑ.P~ò?oæ_oÕ†YÎ#™íç[;+FÕ�éCOqR7F·›/Íàh××eâ· J�§.#öºîùd´ý§ Ï|qP%òê¹trâ¼Ièz"ô@/õÛÍ@°‘"$DÛ©øª‘šPºÔ�òO‘Ÿ&ú^•Ý9z¼“�iÇ��;Öµ¯Ñ’lÊÐo§ë3)ËÞKN«ûÓ‘#ÝNÍ›6e´;$‰m#š"ÌzÐSÓ‘íf Rê÷ÐDw·h€'ÙÞ­Òµ¯S”js8ø£9ÃǼ÷³Ç9Q�ˆæIKµ Áytó „4¬w }8£Ç"òÄæ¾´èŸËÀ¯Î¼p î‘yfž¤€4[VD5ŸÐæƒ6›UêË“õ)¾Àäì!“ÐŒ†ÛE–‹ut«#,*îH5Ü/õÃ{} Æ*g5sµG‚ŽÇÀ×6�¨Gul±’ÄBŒ€FÁ”Øe›m&�KáÃ$b2/Š{ïî峇—.^#xk JuÏJÛLhâ�QeuZ( ûU äÓ#Z¿’ãÖ4Ȥ¹‹Ö$3 _†Hà ™ê(xü¶8sæ{�êAHâ Œ;ž+ôŠ1Kû[-2ÖIÞœ¢N 7f!ØerŽ<š¼¤ÈãaÄððŸÁ¦cŠ8cQâã‘°EÛÀõ�"ëZs1�Mì*h}5"U; 4;ž§ökÓzdyíîQÙ'GRUÕ”‚ê sЫæ¿qê0X-ây�_pµØ±üëú]£ê‡M½ZÛ4œhÁX�~(«³ ÏÙn>ÓÏ8 ˜å!e?»âó#ÐÂZLdžpH)CꯋÁä‚E#ˆ,ê|t67“È#†&’Fèª9µz-OLôò†‡Ô� ô”äA_´Ü€§Ëh%½ÓOh-àEåX•Tz�²–Q×`réëóÄÂï'| Ètë³\t° ËÄôƸˆ‰ëïyv‡ù}­êW1¬Ñ`ü4„‹i ©SOåjØþÉÜÃq O‡‰ÅU‡|‹Ýù-ªM•À"¢‰0¥7øÐïþN òÆ“¨X™žð´j~àjhYÊ­Evo㙺!©Á!ƒ&2`I"]#ñîqõ>Hø�Ÿ¨Páïø2 Ù³fÑÁvlÙ±WfÍ›cº¶—5œŸ¤4òQPòt_ØñeËâ?‡AVžd²’!õ’a”ËbÊOù¸¤K¼Ž^ãƒ'Õ¦C�-ÔoöîIÍx“HÔöAöGSôûåéú|÷óúqìƒy$=_€¹œ”ùfâÇ꾊�·„ŸP™ú•+âýÙ®Óc�Oïe\DÊ[Ñ‘îVRqbô[/4âÞíàH#HÀQÒ§ÜÒ›žùóLF»{˜ÛƒÈøE(È!¹ÿá’Œ#óY¦�üf_ø‹æç]Ž'K06àÇË…ÁÓÈøÑëÅ`üPZ�˜çKH“ẛiÕkEPw¡Ûí};Ta‡•íý=8Ê@¬ÎX׊ü¤‡ðÉþ”ªºm P��6ܨ$ý$æƒ$óêL†Ì1ð�ÖäjaX„b(JVZÔ´Ø5s¿ �ã”uSüGˆÈ5åœöS´ Å×p{0ìÊ|3¡³*)w!QA,ÄÐ:’ræ}BÂîH–Øú’ÅÈ<˲ҿg¥[}Á­>uË;S#Är ÿ8{¼˜èç>. &îPz>¬ÚmשBð8ã*Ú¿hv¨÷Ã]OÍ 86ºb7'<ÿ´jH¤j7ßj¾ÕÈÆH<¡k·“\¶æÝ@AþTœ‡.½€#éÌ&\ò­69ðÆgŸP?Šœœøñ Í(ÙˆøÒÓmA[5ã ‡Q=‡¿‰ú¹ÖlپŊ !@}¾eÖNrœŒ¤l—fÍ›,`ìÙ³b®Í›6*ìÙ³b®Èo™n#›R! }¹Úœ�,iOTÉ–Eå´:œ×w,²ÀÎdŽ*u,y|uì?Ã0µø²æÇxÇÕ/Q=r4Ó„%)Èòô¯NòíÍäByAŠ¥G&>ŽÛž ÿÿËßü“ÿ›òI›;7M�(™²$‹ù–¯1$ƒCºƒm;ÌÖA^̪Šh‘¹`  SÓ’•Û áEõþ¡tÜ/%f(hc#ˆ *7@®þÐp£ÌZlWV2\źWéU_‰”ìkµiïôå:�†)Y'@YÇ)\Mw6áÔƒ1ÇÙÛŒ ØVéÚ‡˜%U¶°vuŒP|(B�ÈÜmÓjœ+¶·–êâ;x…d‘‚Ž´îi]‡S�ÊÊÞÆÝmí׊.䞬{³äægéòe”¤',qHÀÑ>´¡ÈÕ±ð„"°ù;�!¸¿²â±ÿðÞ©}û͹óò�ö‘7“‰³¾ØRª«þDZôþÓ?ß³ÿÁ'üчٳl4:±ç¹‡<å2dK‚u9O)pŽèŠ 'WòÍÍœoqnþµ²î”‘Fû�6 §ð¦)äëÄŠòkVûW 7ùQòC_†³ÿ­“ýã_¢p~Q‚ÍeYbáÍËËmZµï}šì�‡â\Ë—û/«Ë—š÷Ñ=­mÓ>åÿ‡œ¯ý“ÿƒŸþç¥_ø)º3(ÿ…tÜÿÔkÿ¹ëáJ+ô™p†L¢ß²ÿÉ¥þgÄGˆó&ÒöŸ‚ÿ#ô[â·í÷kðÛÇz—‡í¼"ºÝ½ ˆ­úê‚—|K'Ýò[ÝŽµÉÃÎý“ÿƒŸþç¯�þ#¹oNY·1‚ßæoúâ•Ëàó\ å5ð”ªÔ¥y8¦ß3Ýï³;1¼A˜ÒÄT§ –I´´[}ÇÝþ p£þiÑÿÁÏÿs×Gâïø(=¿…í|;4> ûyÕ´Ä¿‘Um�¤‘ G÷'v<¼îãït¯ÏCÅnx‰‹Øè[›v,xÿ¿²UWá<¢éB4´“w÷ŸDüû“GˆsSœ�MRVÑw^GÙ¿ðó•ÿ¢rðsÿÜôÃÎWþ‰ÉÿÁÏÿs×´W¡þ§ä¿óëÿ&—ùœëgÿ??þGëOìåûDYü{ðåÞ¢Ú`Ðï!¼{adn¾ÐYV8Û~í«×ÌÆ1ü5ìÙö¯Ï/ø'œ�ÿ ^ »›nãÇà+ô;hï_ƒç8jx<µ ZF.ËÓæ~¹–W©‰ÁÓ«QÞMj«¥~Íþ¾O÷�~çIþ­þ•øc7úù?Þ5ú?‡¿'þÝÿÛ�Šã-¨Ûß Ú(¢¿`©ð3ó8üHéþ"ÿÈÕ7ýp·ÿÑ)\ÏLŠô‹žºÑï´�ZOšÓV²G…ÿºñ€Œ¿†ÿÀ«ÏÏÌs^FMR52ú.ë•/šÑþG©šBTñ••µ¿ß°t³âøðÐëÇÿjÉXê¹m£ïWSâ èC [$,Òµ�oÃÌrM,v"• Mi+nþIjÇ„£R¥®¾ËæÚ²9N´¸Çjõo~Ï^$ñŒ+-�œÒ!þ5LÖµ¼Eû(xßCµ’a§I&vͿּ˜ñnS:žÉTùÙÛï=pæc|üŸ+«ž§ÿöÿ‘¶÷ýãü…~‰•ùçÿþµ–ÏÆºœ3FÐK²:2à©ý +ðþ!q–i]®çê¹2”rúIö'ú·úWáŒßëäÿx×îtŸêßé_†3¯“ýã_}áïʼnÿ·öãä8Ëjö÷è6Š(¯Ø*| üÎ>èñ_Âãñ ö=V¶ë6©¢ãPƒåùö/úÀ?à«áŽ§Ú¿Ye›xî¾XÃ*oI ­Ñ�¯ÎßÚSáLŸ¾,jú4pùzlÍö½=¿‡Ès�û§+ÿ¯É¸#4W«€›×xþ«õ?G⬴1�ô£9xvOxšÎÎ%ÜÌëÇã_ ÿð˶sYè·=×c¤ƒoú¸ÖG‘¿ï¢Ëÿ|×Ï¿±O¹é¾ø‹â6¶ûsù³".v"ÿìµé¥€8®?Á?tßê>!·°™&]#T}-ÝO "C¾>�!_ø v 5U¹“ýöþfÜeémÿVR;šü¯ø‰ûø“Â^$šÃN’}jÜ|Âåm<½ß†ãüëõ@t¢’�&$?Uêåù®3+æú¤ùy­}ÛmýN,n]…ÇÛë1æåÛV··cò3þŸÆ_ô ¹ÿ¿�ÿ Íã/úÜÿß“_®?eƒþxÇÿ|Š>Ëüñ�þùë¾.η¶ü#þGœ¸s,Zû/Åÿ™å¿³^‡{áÿ†V6wð4§Tjäk_ÙöŒÚ›}mû½[JrTªîó¢o½üBšúT €µ)PWšùªš¸jªµ)r˺ó=Ú´)ׇ³¨¯Ç�þÍß ¿á\x¸‡Ë¾›æ“=kÈlŸ€úÏŒüM£ø×CÔ® Ô,-ÒÖ8-à%Ô¬Œâ@á†>÷¥°¨²â�£¥C")!´³†±­0¸ÊØ*¾ÞŒ­+5²{ï£&¾ž*Ê¢ºõ¶Û±ô²â°ÂÀ?³æ›Wðľ+—í´Ü”*Ü}ˆÛ—DZ¹ùˆ'èÂáüdÑ•è)'+/ÑqO*®0ÀïXF¼£WÚ«so²·Ý°Ý(JŸ²w¶Û»ýçÈ_²G€5߇zýî“;\ÜibâK¡s4O˜ÌO?Üõ¯¯Êg½G(˜ÚŠ™þèÅM�F&½LUGZ®®Z±Ñ£N…5Fš²‰ÿÙèõUé(€àຠ& T ×@Óº,www.ScienceInquiry.orgò’/È 0ÒÕÈ·DTimes New Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€ÑsÐ&œË·DFuturaew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€ÑsÐ&œË ·DOsakaew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€ÑsÐ&œË€0·DTimesew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€ÑsÐ&œË@·DArialew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€ÑsÐ&œËP·Drialew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€ÑsÐ&œË¤ €`ÿÿÿÿ¥ .©  @£nÿý?" dd@ÿÿïÿÿÿÿÿÿ  @@``€€ ,ð$ð°P•=     ?  FH ()  oðð$ÿ€Rð$[�­ Öƒ ØIוlÇG4ÿÓ<€Rð$>*µ÷Ê̳5³¾ý Ñ¢²Ñ'ÿ<"Ó<€Rð$ÅÞ;ܲñ²EÆyÓÖÿÝ_€ð$ÿ€Rð$ì’]R÷Ùw”-S…sÙèY²ÿ› ì~€ƒ ð0�ƒ†A¿ÀÅAÿñffÿ@ñÿÿÿÿ÷ð8ó,'€ó-(€Ð¡ÿ úgþý4�d�dÐs€i00Òÿ¿ Ñÿ¿”2�m �ÿÿÿ ÿÿÿpûppû@ <ý4BdBdÒÿ¿-`gÊš;ºuìÊš;2NÍÉÊš;<ý4!d!dÒÿ¿-`ºuìÊš;<ý4ddddÒÿ¿-`ºuìÊš;ˆŠº___PPT10‹ð³è¯±@ ¯±x     Š4º___PPTMac11‹@f   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography |¯0   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  ¯   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography ŠRº___PPT9‹4®,¯"¬,€ÿÿ€ÿÿ¯¬8€ÿÿ¯¬| ¯¬ì     Šhº___PPT2001‹Dˆ<‰4XЀà?Ù Ú%OÙ Ú=ðú.ó8%Ÿ¨fScience teacher professional development through a large-scale, high-school and university partnership¡$g)= Ÿ¨'David May º£½ÇÊÓÆµóŸ¨(Vertically Integrated Partnerships K-16Ÿ¨B A National Science Foundation Mathematics and Science Partnership¡&C#ªBó1"Ÿ¨VIP K-16 Scope and PurposeŸ¨nPartnership: 5 Maryland universities and a large school district. A targeted MSP: Just science, just grades 9-16. Its scope is large: By 2007, VIP K-16 will involve: 350 high school science teachers who teach over 39,000 MCPS high school students; and 100 college/university faculty, graduate students, undergraduate students, and prospective science teachers. Main purpose of VIP K-16: Improve science instruction in Maryland high schools and universities by creating communities of teachers and faculty in which they develop their inquiry pedagogy skills and science content knowledge by learning from each other. ¡<‡Z 0 d2Ç0 d2ZZ 7!æ* #qóŸ¨5K-12 Partner: Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS)¡65$Ÿ LMCPS serves Maryland s most populous jurisdiction with 873,341 residents (county size: 497 square miles) 139,000 PreK-12 student enrollments 10,500 PreK-12 teachers 191 schools (29 National Blue Ribbon Schools 1983-2002) MCPS Student Demographic and Socioeconomic Data: Race/Ethnicity: American Indian 0.3%, African American 21%, Asian American 14%, Hispanic, 17%, White 48% Students Receiving Free and Reduced Price Meals (FARMS): 22% English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL): 10,673 students; international students from over 160 countries¡ljZvZ1ZZhx0  óŸ¨Higher Education Partners¡ $Ÿ àUniversity System: University System of Maryland (lead partner) Colleges and Universities: Montgomery College (2-year community college; 21,000 students) Towson University (4-year Master s I University; 17,000 students) University of Maryland, Baltimore County (4-year Doctoral/Research University-Extensive; 11,000 students) University of Maryland, College Park (4-year Doctoral/Research University-Extensive; 33,000 students) Research Institute: University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute¡¢.R//S  /óŸ¨Goals¡$Ÿ¨õDevelop a sustainable Professional Learning Community model for high school science teachers, pre-service science teachers, and college/university science faculty. Enrich science teacher knowledge in order to improve instruction to better enable students for success on the Maryland Science High School Assessments (HSAs). Engage college faculty in enriching their teaching and pedagogy in order to improve the quality of undergraduate science courses and increase student retention in the sciences.¡ööª=µ Ÿ¨CAll 350 high school science teachers are expected to participate; college faculty must be recruited. Different cultures among schools, universities. Geography: Universities are 15, 40, 70 miles away from Montgomery County. Little knowledge of educational research. Systemic barriers to changing instructional practices.¡ D—  ­óŸ¨2Our Program: Learning Communities in Cohort Cycles¡32$Ÿ¨ËCohorts are structured by discipline: Four staggered 2-year cohort cycles will participate over the course of the project: Master Science Teachers and VIP Faculty Fellows, Biology, Matter & Energy and Earth Space Systems, Chemistry and Physics Master Science Teachers (MSTs) and Faculty Fellows: Experienced and/or interested teachers and faculty get paid extra to help envision, design, and implement professional development activities for their colleagues.¡&Uy’" 4¤%U1 3  ¥  ª »ó:&Ÿ¨ Our program for the high schoolsŸ ŠA full range of professional development activities are provided, aimed at the high school teachers: Cohort elements include annual 1-week summer institute, 4 school-year conferences, 3 professional days, curriculum workshops, monthly working seminars,  virtual online mentoring, practitioner research, Professional Development Plan options, and a Student Inquiry Conference Additional supports include curriculum and assessment development teams, curriculum advisory committees, financial support for instructional materials, involvement of scientists from partner research institutes, and use of USM and Shady Grove Center facilities as training sites Comprehensive project Web site, www.ScienceInquiry.org¡:eae`  ª*¯òóÿÿÿ߯Åó"Ÿ¨APartnerships: project activities to strengthen K-16 relationshipsª !Ÿ¨~Undergraduates in high school classrooms: We have created a mentoring/internship program that matches university biology majors with MCPS high school teachers. This project began at UMCP and is being extended to UMBC. High school teachers as science researchers: The ExPERT program* has provided summer internships for MCPS high school teachers in biology research labs at UMBI. The teachers learn how to bring real science inquiry into their instructional practice. (* Extended Professional Experiences in Research for Teachers) Faculty designing science curricula: Our very successful faculty learning community at Towson has created or redesigned six inquiry-based science courses and is sharing them with MCPS teachers. Additional learning communities are being created among Montgomery College science faculty and UMBC biology teaching assistants, in partnership with high school teachers.¡Ò*Z°Z-Z Z%ZHZ)±,   %��(ª˜Çs! ÄóŸ¨Evidence-Based OutcomesŸ¨}Teacher/Faculty Outcomes Enhance content knowledge in science Develop skills in best practices of pedagogy and assessment Acquire strategies to promote reading and writing in science Conduct practitioner research to inform instruction Integrate HSA strategies into instruction Expand curricula to include direct experiences with methods and processes of inquiry in science courses ¡2efªb$;<3“ Ÿ¨xBenchmarks Close gaps in student achievement Increase degree of inquiry pedagogy Increase student enrollment in advanced science courses Increase county-wide science final exam scores and HSA performance Increase student achievement and retention in science courses and majors Increase number of science teachers graduating from participating higher education institutions ¡Ö ZnZ !  #7C  $$I((,,`004488ó$ Ÿ¨0Institutional Change and Project Sustainability¡$10�� ��$Ÿ¨Expansion of Professional Learning Communities that will continue to support improved student achievement and professional development Adoption of new curriculum/instructional guides and semester exams by the MCPS Board of Education and their integration into the instructional program Development of highly skilled high school science teaching staff with extended content knowledge and increased strategies in best practices of science pedagogy, assessment, and reading/writing in science Establishment of partnerships with research scientists who will continue to serve on curriculum and instructional advisory committees Incorporation of findings and understandings into K-12 teacher preparation programs and undergraduate science courses Increased awareness among science faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students of the importance of linkages to K-12 schools Increased understanding and utilization by college/university faculty of effective learning-centered pedagogies used in K-12 science education ¡Z €€!��j€€� � €€��e€€1��ž€ € %�$�$‚€(€(!�,�,€0€0�4�4p€8€8�<�<L€€&��!€€sx,, ‘ €ÿÎÿÏ Ä ³e(üHHØ(dh� êøFH ()   oðð$ÿ`ï `ð ÿÿÿ€€€»àã33™™™™Ì`ð ÿÿÿ–––ûßSÿ™fÌ3™f`ð ÿÿÿ€€€™ÌÿÌÌÿ33̯gÿ`ð Þöñ–––ÿÿÿ�Æÿf̨`ð ÿÿÙwwwÿÿ÷3ÌÌÿPPÿ™`ð €€ÿÿÿZXÿÿ™dbmoÇÿÿÿ`ð €ÿÿÿ\ßÒ“q>9¾y`ÿÿ™Ó¢`ð ™ÿÿÿ3fÌÿÿ3f̰fÌÿÿç`ð ÿÿÿ3f™ãëñ3™FŠKfÌÿðå`ð hk]ÿÿÿwwwÑÑË��‚€ž¨ÿÌféܹ`ð ff™ÿÿÿ>>\ÿÿÿ`Y{ffÿ™Ìÿÿÿ™`ð R>&ÿÿÿ- ßÀ�Œ{p�_/Ì´Œž £>ÿý?" dd@ÿÿïÿÿ(£€ÿý?" ddØ@ÿÿïÿÿ € Ô €" Ð@€ ð`€»€ £nÿý?" dd@ÿÿï€ÿÿÿÿÿÿ   @@``€€P£V    @ ` €`£ p£>€£> ‚ ðz ðð ð( ð ððà ð “ ð6€ ô~‡�ƒ¿Àÿ "ñ¿ðð°ÐÀðà Ð ðTŸ¨ Click to edit Master title style¢!ª !ð$ ð ƒ ð0€Àõ~�ƒ¿Àÿ "ñ¿ð °Ððà Р𞟨RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level¢!    ª Sðh ð ƒ ð0€€ö~�ƒ¿Àÿ "ñ¿ð`°`€ðšà Ј‚Š0º___PPT10‹±ŠBº___PPTMac11‹   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  ðXŸ *¡cøª ðj ð ƒ ð0€ø~�ƒ¿Àÿ "ñ¿ð`°Ð€ðšà  Ј‚Š0º___PPT10‹±ŠBº___PPTMac11‹   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  ðZŸ *¡cúª ðj ð ƒ ð0€ ù~�ƒ¿Àÿ "ñ¿ð` Ѐðšà Ј‚Š0º___PPT10‹±ŠBº___PPTMac11‹   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  ðZŸ *¡cت ðr" ð £ ð<…‡Gþ�ƒ¿ÀË>ßÿ"ñ¿ð�`ð€ðH ð ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿ€€€€fffÿÿfÿ™Ìˆ8Š0º___PPT10‹ë.2ào€°Æ º$Blank PresentationîQ ï '€ Á ð¹ ð ðQ ð( ð2]£Ð§1 ð ðà ð  “ ð6€€ù~‡�ƒ¿Àÿ "ñ¿ð °Ðpðà Ð ðTŸ¨ Click to edit Master title style¢!ª !ðÝ ð  ƒ ð0€ ú~�ƒ¿Àÿ "ñ¿ð� ` à ðà Ð ðWŸ¨#Click to edit Master subtitle style¢$ª $ðh ð  ƒ ð0€Àû~�ƒ¿Àÿ "ñ¿ð`°`€ðšà Ј‚Š0º___PPT10‹±ŠBº___PPTMac11‹   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  ðXŸ *¡cøª ðj ð  ƒ ð0€@ý~�ƒ¿Àÿ "ñ¿ð`°Ð€ðšà  Ј‚Š0º___PPT10‹±ŠBº___PPTMac11‹   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  ðZŸ *¡cúª ðj ð  ƒ ð0€`þ~�ƒ¿Àÿ "ñ¿ð` Ѐðšà Ј‚Š0º___PPT10‹±ŠBº___PPTMac11‹   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  ðZŸ *¡cت ðH ð  ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿ€€€€fffÿÿfÿ™Ìˆ8Š0º___PPT10‹ë.2ào€a ßÉp ðøððÜð�ð( ð¸ Ê ðÜðÌ ðÜ ƒ ð0€�XO�ƒ¿Àÿ ðP ðà  Ð ðTŸ *¡ ùª ðÎ ðÜ ƒ ð0€°*�ƒ¿Àÿ ð� à ðà Ð ðVŸ *¡ øª ðÒ ðÜ “ ð6€Ö)‡�ƒ¿Àÿ ð�P°ðà  Ð ðTŸ *¡ úª ðÔ ðÜ “ ð6€ Þ)‡�ƒ¿Àÿ ð�� à°ðà Ð ðVŸ *¡ ت ðH ðÜ ƒ ð0�ƒ“Þ½h”9�¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿ€€€Ì™33ÌÌÌÿ²²²ˆ8Š0º___PPT10‹ë.hÔÀ§®ôî(ï(€ ØðÐàðDðhð( ð ðDðl ðD C ð€WO¿ÿ ð°°Ðpðà Ð ð žðl ðD C ð€ÐWO¿ÿ ð� ` à ðà Ð ð žðH² ðD C ð €€AÁUSMðð À ê ðH ðD ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿ€€€€fffÿÿfÿ™ÌîVï(€ ðþ@ð Tð–ð( ð †e ðTðJ² ðT C ð"€€AÁ nsf1ð ` I ðT¢ ðT ƒ ð0€0*¿�ƒ¿Àÿð PðFðŠˆ‚Š0º___PPT10‹±ŠBº___PPTMac11‹   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  ðbŸ¨VIP K-16¡$ (2 �g�Hªðl ð T C ð€ *¿ÿ ðP°Ð ðà Ð ð žðl ð T C ð€p *¿ÿ ð°`€0 ðà Ð ð žðÈ¢ ð T ƒ ð0€ ©b¿�ƒ¿Àÿð ðÀ ðhŸ ìPI s: Nancy Shapiro and Don Langenberg, University System of Maryland Michael Szesze, Montgomery County Public Schools¡,w( vcª, '#ðH ðT ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿøøøÿ33ÿ€€€€îï '€ ˆð€Pð(ðð( ðþÿF ð(ðl ð ( C ð€ð“N¿ÿðð°ÐÀðà  Ð ð žðl ð( C ð€p•N¿ÿð °Ððà Ð ð žðH ð( ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿ€€€€fffÿÿfÿ™Ìˆ8Š0º___PPT10‹ë.Úwqµ îVï '€ ðþ€ð \ð–ð( ð „ð ð\ðv² ð \ “ ðN€€[! ÝAÁ·m ®mcps_bannerð � 0 òðl ð \ C ð€�Ã>¿ÿðð°ÐÀðà  Ð ð žðl ð \ C ð€°Ä>¿ÿðð` ðà Ð ð žðH ð\ ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿøøøÿ33ÿ€€€€îvï '€ &ð0ð „ð¶ð( ð‡  ð„ðF² ð„ C ð€€AÁmcð°€`�ðH² ð „ C ð €€AÁUSMð ÖPðl ð „ C ð€°*¿ÿðððÐÀðà  Ð ð žðl ð „ C ð€0*¿ÿð°ðÐÀðà Ð ð žðH ð„ ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿøøøÿ33ÿ€€€€îôï '€ ¤ðœ�ðˆð4ð( ð�pÀ ðˆðl ð ˆ C ð€ÐÅ>¿ÿðð�p Àðà  Ð ð žðl ð ˆ C ð€PÇ>¿ÿð ° ððà Ð ð žðl ð ˆ C ð€ðÆ>¿ÿð p Ð�ðà Ð ð žð  ðˆ “ ð6€�Æ>‡�ƒ¿Àÿ ðÀ  ð ð:Ÿ¨ Challenges¡ $ðH ðˆ ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿøøøÿ33ÿ€€€€îîï '€ žð– ðŒð.ð( ð@Z@ÀK@ ðŒðl ðŒ C ð€�Ì>¿ÿðð ÀÀðà  Ð ð žð‚ ðŒ C ð€0Ì>¿ÿð °Ððà Ð ð"ž¦ø€p`PpðH ðŒ ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿøøøÿ33ÿ€€€€îØï '€ ˆð€ ðPðð( ð ðPðl ðP C ð€°‘N¿ÿðð°0Àðà  Ð ð žðl ðP C ð€•N¿ÿð °Ððà Ð ð žðH ðP ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿ€€€€fffÿÿfÿ™ÌîØï '€ ˆð€°ð ¼ðð( ðçÑ×À  ð¼ðl ð¼ C ð€PMO¿ÿðð°ÐÀðà  Ð ð žðl ð ¼ C ð€0OO¿ÿðP°Ð0ðà Ð ð žðH ð¼ ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿøøøÿ33ÿ€€€€îLï '€ üðôÀð œðŒð( ð@Z@ÀK@ ðœðl ðœ C ð€PVO¿ÿðð°ÐÀðà  Ð ð žðl ðœ C ð€0UO¿ÿð ° ððà Ð ð žðl ð œ C ð€�UO¿ÿð p Ððà Ð ð žðH 𜠃 ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿøøøÿ33ÿ€€€€îðï '€  ð˜ÐðÄð0ð( ð ðÄðx ðÄ c ð$€°PO¿ÿˆð ð` ðà Ð ð žðx ðÄ c ð$€QO¿ÿˆðð°ÐÀðà  Ð ð žðH ðÄ ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿøøøÿ33ÿ€€€€cxœ»p^ðÁÂ�RЀ3ÿÿœ lHbŒP  @ùÿÿAL ÿGÁ��øß@;b `BÏù¤&V”<�WqÀÿË•³�2þ#¤ŽD@´ý4CÙ~åCóÍrdPfvä~B�Àƒ¼†rŒ"’Š$ÆŽ&¾o, ýUee1Ä|806t¾�²ˆõ Ú)‘:Õ€èšWé(€àຠ& T €Rð$[�­ Öƒ ØIוlÇG4ÿÓ<€Rð$>*µ÷Ê̳5³¾ý Ñ¢²Ñ'ÿ<"Ó<€Rð$ÅÞ;ܲñ²EÆyÓÖÿÝ_€ð$ÿ€Rð$ì’]R÷Ùw”-S…sÙèY²ÿ› ì~€ƒ ð0�ƒ†A¿ÀÅAÿñffÿ@ñÿÿÿÿ÷ð8ó,'€ó-(€Ð£ÿ úgþý4�d�dÐs€i00Òÿ¿ Ñÿ¿´<�m �ÿÿÿ ÿÿÿpûppþÿ à…ŸòùOh«‘+'³Ù0„0 pxœ´  ,8 X d p |ˆ�'[Insert Slide Title Here]iJennifer VestTicMacintosh HD:Applications:Microsoft Office 2004:Templates:Presentations:Designs:Blank Presentationa 160Microsoft PowerPointion@�nO­³@€²,S +Å@€é$̼Â@€·¾Ó›ÅoGì.þÿÿÿPICT.䇴ÿ ÿþHH‡´ ‡´šÿ‚Ї´HH  „ŒŒ´‡´‡´ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿF�ÿ²ÿýõÍÿ÷fùâÿìz€ßÿ„ÓÌÿþúÍÿû²üâÿõ¼¿ßÿÁéÌÿýõÍÿ÷fùâÿìz€ßÿ„Óçÿj�ÿ³ÿ� qûÿKºÖÿñõâÿ—:ÁóÿKºïÿ1µÍÿÎŒ„¸ûÿ¥ÜÖÿø€úâÿËœàóÿ¥Üïÿ˜ÚÍÿ� qûÿKºÖÿñõâÿ—:ÁóÿKºïÿ1µçÿ�ÿ´ÿù¼ìzúüÿžâéÿú íñÿñõâÿzjòÿžâïÿ1µÎÿü‹Ýõ¼üüÿÎðéÿü„öñÿø€úâÿ¼´òÿÎðïÿ˜ÚÎÿù¼ìzúüÿžâéÿú íñÿñõâÿzjòÿžâïÿ1µçÿX�ÿ´ÿø ¿ßÿúìñÿñõâÿzkÞÿ1µÎÿû…ßßÿü€õñÿø€úâÿ¼µÞÿ˜ÚÎÿø ¿ßÿúìñÿñõâÿzkÞÿ1µçÿ��ÿ³ÿ “ fïÿû‰$-çM¿ÿŒ"NÐÿMWeÿÿ¬;¸ïnhìþÿ!’/ÿŒ"NÐÿÙS(jNÿçoOñT™ÿïnhìó":4þÿ6¼4335gÞØÄ¸á�ÿåÿ ùÛÏÇß—  =#þSרďá³ÿ]�ÿ�ÿÿÿóIJÞüž–³Ây¦ýýÿßùÝÔæâú�ÿæÿóIJÝé}XjtH‰F4ËÜÔæâú�ÿæÿ óIJÜÌJ  ‹>þ—ØÔæâú´ÿ^�ÿ�ÿÿÿäÏÃÙÿ¬™¿EL¤ýþþýþÞùýˬ¬ì�ÿæÿäÏÃÔÑ| [p'-¤Ãþ4µíÊ­¬ì�ÿæÿäÏÃË‹: £ÃþaÑʬ­ì´ÿ^�ÿ�ÿÿÿ¾¥ÌüÿΉ«º£þÿÿýýÞùþÉÜìö�ÿæÿ¾¥ÌíÃ�Pco¦ð 4¯ÙÅÝëö�ÿæÿ¾¥ÌÑe: ¤ð S¡ÄÛíö´ÿ^�ÿ�ÿÿÿËËÇÿþØÖ|˜A¯¹ýÿÿýýàøÿ쪣Ï�ÿæÿËËÆß»–J[&n­yOÃ04®Í⬣Ï�ÿæÿËËįW< ¢vH¿)SÕ¬£Ï´ÿ^�ÿ�ÿÿÿÐâÛþþØÕ7(CîãþÿþþÿÞ÷ÿüµ´ã�ÿæÿÏãÙÖ»–~$“ÈÅ®Ïö­p²Çð·´ã�ÿæÿÐá×™W:"§Á­ÎöªTSsܵ´ã´ÿ^�ÿ�ÿÿÿ¯¾ÁþþÐÃgVqpÍÅÆ¢§•¿Ç÷ÿü¯¾Ò�ÿæÿ²¾ÁÕ»—‘ZQcb›¢®ž –ªŸµÆî¯¼Ò�ÿæÿ²¿½”XHQJþKSv›“þ”jWqÚ°¿Ò´ÿZ�ÿ�ÿÿÿãìûþþÚýþþÿýîÞ§&›Þøÿþþ�ÿäÿàéúÙ»šÁòòÖÚæ›e Z�µÉôûú�ÿåÿÚÙö X[¿ðòÕØÞM $Syáóò³ÿZ�ÿ�ÿþÿþþÿÙÿÿþþÿèȤMR�Ýøÿþþ�ÿåÿïÝûå½y7ȧ3>Ø�`-0\�µÐùåä�ÿåÿÖ¨ó¼Z;0Æ¡.9ÑJ  #S‹ñ¹·ü´ÿ[�ÿ�ÿÿÿüêèûþÜùýýüþãSKhß�Ñùÿñâö�ÿåÿûçèðÇ…* ’ßK.<„Rˆ·âóßó�ÿåÿøáèÝu?#�ÝA &Y³ïÞì³ÿ^�ÿ�ÿÿÿç¸ØÞþðæþÿþýâB:ià2Ÿú÷ØÇÎü�ÿæÿè¹ÙÜÜ¡ ¢áB">ƒrÄìØÆÏü�ÿæÿç¹ÚؤNžà@0pß×ÇÎü´ÿ^�ÿ�ÿÿÿìÕÊÆóùÞðýþþâBÊ�ÛSÍýã°ÃÙú�ÿæÿìÕÊÆëÄ[ #ÅBx[‚:�æâ°ÃÙú�ÿæÿëÕÊÇÞ|*Á@ NÂâ°ÃÙú´ÿ[�ÿ�ÿÿÿûÜ˳Áùõáåïüék'í�ÆÝþãÉÜØÚ�ÿåÿûÜ˵Ãí¿v2_FŒb†ªáãÊÜØÚ�ÿåÿûÜË´ÄÖw7U/+Z³ÞÊÜØÚ³ÿX�ÿ�ÿþÿþµÈÜûôýðå×ÝÅ…ÚàòþüĪ ðþ�ÿäÿþµÈÝùéÒ¥~FUS˜¢¾êùê ðþ�ÿäÿþµÈÜøÕ“N; 6GoÇóÄ« ðþ³ÿO�ÿ�ÿýÿýÿÿá¨èöþÿè×ùþñúà²åÖç�ÿáÿýÿÿá©èèÙÍ´¨ÅÓÚøà²åÖç�ÿáÿýÿÿâ©èП€ndy�´ðà²åÖç±ÿI�ÿ�ÿûÿô½¢¨éÝïÐáÒÝ¿éðº·ïû�ÿßÿô½¡¥éÜêÅØËÞÀéðº·ïû�ÿßÿô½ §éÚã´Å½ÚÁèðº·ïû±ÿF�ÿ�ÿûÿüè°Èâ¦á Äùã½éÖïý�ÿÞÿüè°Èã¥á¡Å÷ã½èÖïý�ÿÞÿüè°Èä§àŸÅƸä¾éÖïý°ÿ7�ÿ�ÿùÿ ððÑÅß�ºò¯ûÁæ�ÿÙÿ ððÑÅß�ºò¯ûÁæ�ÿÙÿ ððÑÅß�ºò¯ûÁæ­ÿ.�ÿ�ÿ÷ÿùòößëøéýþ�ÿÖÿùòößëøéýþ�ÿÖÿùòößëøéýþ¬ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿ �ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ�ÿ±ÿÿþÿ ÕÍÕœ.“—+,ù®DÕÍÕœ.“—+,ù®0ìˆ�¨ÔÜäì ô ü $ , Œ'On-screen ShowS$University of Maryland System Admin•œZ  Times New RomanFuturaOsakaTimesArialBlank PresentationgScience teacher professional development through a large-scale, high-school and university partnership)Vertically Integrated Partnerships K-16VIP K-16 Scope and Purpose6K-12 Partner: Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS)Higher Education PartnersGoals Challenges3Our Program: Learning Communities in Cohort Cycles!Our program for the high schoolsBPartnerships: project activities to strengthen K-16 relationships1Institutional Change and Project Sustainability  Fonts UsedDesigû@ <ý4BdBdÒÿ¿-`gÊš;ºuìÊš;2NÍÉÊš;<ý4!d!dÒÿ¿-`ºuìÊš;<ý4ddddÒÿ¿-`ºuìÊš;ˆ Šº___PPT10‹ð³è¯±@ ¯±x  Rÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ��d›Oφꪹ)èðFvl_±É¬ÀPicturesÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ‡ˆPowerPoint Document(ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿH•œSummaryInformation(ÿÿÿÿ“´0�‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹Œ�Ž��‘®”•–—˜™š›œ�žŸ ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«þÿÿÿ­ýµ³ýÿÿÿýÿÿÿýÿÿÿþÿÿÿþÿÿÿ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖרÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüþþÿÿÿÿs#  !"$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGþÿÿÿIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrt’uvwxyz{|}~€      !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345þÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿDocumentSummaryInformation8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ Current UserÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿSÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ þÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ   Š4º___PPTMac11‹@f   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography |¯0   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  ¯   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography ŠTº___PPT9‹6®.¯"¬0€ÿÿ€ÿÿ¯¬6¯¬| ¯¬ì     Šhº___PPT2001‹Dˆ<‰4XЀà?Ù Ú%OÙ Ú=ð}0ó8%Ÿ¨fScience teacher professional development through a large-scale, high-school and university partnership¡$g)= Ÿ¨'David May º£½ÇÊÓÆµóŸ¨(Vertically Integrated Partnerships K-16Ÿ¨B A National Science Foundation Mathematics and Science Partnership¡&C#ªBó1"Ÿ¨VIP K-16 Scope and PurposeŸ¨nPartnership: 5 Maryland universities and a large school district. A targeted MSP: Just science, just grades 9-16. Its scope is large: By 2007, VIP K-16 will involve: 350 high school science teachers who teach over 39,000 MCPS high school students; and 100 college/university faculty, graduate students, undergraduate students, and prospective science teachers. Main purpose of VIP K-16: Improve science instruction in Maryland high schools and universities by creating communities of teachers and faculty in which they develop their inquiry pedagogy skills and science content knowledge by learning from each other. ¡ü‡Z “0 " Z2Ç’0 " Z2Z 7!æ7#qóŸ¨5K-12 Partner: Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS)¡65$Ÿ LMCPS serves Maryland s most populous jurisdiction with 873,341 residents (county size: 497 square miles) 139,000 PreK-12 student enrollments 10,500 PreK-12 teachers 191 schools (29 National Blue Ribbon Schools 1983-2002) MCPS Student Demographic and Socioeconomic Data: Race/Ethnicity: American Indian 0.3%, African American 21%, Asian American 14%, Hispanic, 17%, White 48% Students Receiving Free and Reduced Price Meals (FARMS): 22% English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL): 10,673 students; international students from over 160 countries¡ljZvZ1ZZhx0  óŸ¨Higher Education Partners¡ $Ÿ àUniversity System: University System of Maryland (lead partner) Colleges and Universities: Montgomery College (2-year community college; 21,000 students) Towson University (4-year Master s I University; 17,000 students) University of Maryland, Baltimore County (4-year Doctoral/Research University-Extensive; 11,000 students) University of Maryland, College Park (4-year Doctoral/Research University-Extensive; 33,000 students) Research Institute: University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute¡¢.R//S  /óŸ¨Goals¡$Ÿ¨õDevelop a sustainable Professional Learning Community model for high school science teachers, pre-service science teachers, and college/university science faculty. Enrich science teacher knowledge in order to improve instruction to better enable students for success on the Maryland Science High School Assessments (HSAs). Engage college faculty in enriching their teaching and pedagogy in order to improve the quality of undergraduate science courses and increase student retention in the sciences.¡öö€ª=µó;'Ÿ¨ ChallengesŸ ²All 350 high school science teachers are expected to participate; college faculty must be recruited. Different cultures among schools, universities. Geography: Universities are 15, 40, 70 miles away from Montgomery County. Little knowledge of educational research. Systemic barriers to changing instructional practices.  Publish or perish. ¡8Z—€  ­€€óŸ¨2Our Program: Learning Communities in Cohort Cycles¡32$Ÿ¨ËCohorts are structured by discipline: Four staggered 2-year cohort cycles will participate over the course of the project: Master Science Teachers and VIP Faculty Fellows, Biology, Matter & Energy and Earth Space Systems, Chemistry and Physics Master Science Teachers (MSTs) and Faculty Fellows: Experienced and/or interested teachers and faculty get paid extra to help envision, design, and implement professional development activities for their colleagues.¡&Uy’" 4¤%U1 3  ¥  ª »ó:&Ÿ¨ Our program for the high schoolsŸ ŠA full range of professional development activities are provided, aimed at the high school teachers: Cohort elements include annual 1-week summer institute, 4 school-year conferences, 3 professional days, curriculum workshops, monthly working seminars,  virtual online mentoring, practitioner research, Professional Development Plan options, and a Student Inquiry Conference Additional supports include curriculum and assessment development teams, curriculum advisory committees, financial support for instructional materials, involvement of scientists from partner research institutes, and use of USM and Shady Grove Center facilities as training sites Comprehensive project Web site, www.ScienceInquiry.org¡:eae`  ª*¯òóÿÏô߯Åó"Ÿ¨APartnerships: project activities to strengthen K-16 relationshipsª !Ÿ¨~Undergraduates in high school classrooms: We have created a mentoring/internship program that matches university biology majors with MCPS high school teachers. This project began at UMCP and is being extended to UMBC. High school teachers as science researchers: The ExPERT program* has provided summer internships for MCPS high school teachers in biology research labs at UMBI. The teachers learn how to bring real science inquiry into their instructional practice. (* Extended Professional Experiences in Research for Teachers) Faculty designing science curricula: Our very successful faculty learning community at Towson has created or redesigned six inquiry-based science courses and is sharing them with MCPS teachers. Additional learning communities are being created among Montgomery College science faculty and UMBC biology teaching assistants, in partnership with high school teachers.¡Ò*Z°Z-Z Z%ZHZ)±,   %��(ª˜Çs! ÄóŸ¨Evidence-Based OutcomesŸ¨}Teacher/Faculty Outcomes Enhance content knowledge in science Develop skills in best practices of pedagogy and assessment Acquire strategies to promote reading and writing in science Conduct practitioner research to inform instruction Integrate HSA strategies into instruction Expand curricula to include direct experiences with methods and processes of inquiry in science courses ¡2efªb$;<3“ Ÿ¨xBenchmarks Close gaps in student achievement Increase degree of inquiry pedagogy Increase student enrollment in advanced science courses Increase county-wide science final exam scores and HSA performance Increase student achievement and retention in science courses and majors Increase number of science teachers graduating from participating higher education institutions ¡Ö ZnZ !  #7C  $$I((,,`004488ó$ Ÿ¨0Institutional Change and Project Sustainability¡$10�� ��$Ÿ¨Expansion of Professional Learning Communities that will continue to support improved student achievement and professional development Adoption of new curriculum/instructional guides and semester exams by the MCPS Board of Education and their integration into the instructional program Development of highly skilled high school science teaching staff with extended content knowledge and increased strategies in best practices of science pedagogy, assessment, and reading/writing in science Establishment of partnerships with research scientists who will continue to serve on curriculum and instructional advisory committees Incorporation of findings and understandings into K-12 teacher preparation programs and undergraduate science courses Increased awareness among science faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students of the importance of linkages to K-12 schools Increased understanding and utilization by college/university faculty of effective learning-centered pedagogies used in K-12 science education ¡Z €€!��j€€� � €€��e€€1��ž€ € %�$�$‚€(€(!�,�,€0€0�4�4p€8€8�<�<L€€&��!€€sx,, ‘ €ÿÎÿÏ Ä ³e(üHHØ(dh� êîäï '€ ”ðŒ�ðˆð$ð( ð�pÀ ðˆðr ð ˆ S ð€àh`¿ÿðð°ÐÀðà  Ð ð žðr ð ˆ S ð€€h`¿ÿð °Ððà Ð ð žðH ðˆ ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿøøøÿ33ÿ€€€€îäï '€ ”ðŒÀðXð$ð( ð ðXðx ðX c ð$€�ñ*¿ÿˆð °Ððà Ð ð žðl ðX C ð€€n`¿ÿðð°ÐÀðà  Ð ð žðH ðX ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿøøøÿ33ÿ€€€€r¹‘[é;Gëõ'Ú•‘3í;Õ€è6Xé(€àຠ& T ×@Óº,www.ScienceInquiry.orgò’/È 0ÒÕÈ·DTimes New Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË·DFuturaew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË ·DOsakaew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË€0·DTimesew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË@·DArialew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œËP·Drialew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË¤ €`ÿÿÿÿ¥ .©  @£nÿý?" dd@ÿÿïÿÿÿÿÿÿ  @@``€€ LðDðÐd™>    ?  FH ()   oðð$ÿ€Rð$[�­ Öƒ ØIוlÇG4ÿÓ<€Rð$>*µ÷Ê̳5³¾ý Ñ¢²Ñ'ÿ<"Ó<€Rð$ÅÞ;ܲñ²EÆyÓÖÿÝ_€ð$ÿ€Rð$ì’]R÷Ùw”-S…sÙèY²ÿ› ì~€ƒ ð0�ƒ†A¿ÀÅAÿñffÿ@ñÿÿÿÿ÷ð8ó,'€ó-(€Ð¥ÿ úgþý4�d�dÐs€i00Òÿ¿ Ñÿ¿´<�m �ÿÿÿ ÿÿÿpûppû@ <ý4BdBdÒÿ¿-`gÊš;ºuìÊš;2NÍÉÊš;<ý4!d!dÒÿ¿-`ºuìÊš;<ý4ddddÒÿ¿-`ºuìÊš;ˆ"Šº___PPT10‹ð³è¯±@ ¯±x     Š4º___PPTMac11‹@f   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography |¯0   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  ¯   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography ŠVº___PPT9‹8®0¯"¬0€ÿÿ€ÿÿ¯¬8€ÿÿ¯¬| ¯¬ì     Šhº___PPT2001‹Dˆ<‰4XЀà?Ù Ú%OÙ Ú=ð1ó8%Ÿ¨fScience teacher professional development through a large-scale, high-school and university partnership¡$g)= Ÿ¨'David May º£½ÇÊÓÆµóŸ¨(Vertically Integrated Partnerships K-16Ÿ¨B A National Science Foundation Mathematics and Science Partnership¡&C#ªBó1"Ÿ¨VIP K-16 Scope and PurposeŸ¨nPartnership: 5 Maryland universities and a large school district. A targeted MSP: Just science, just grades 9-16. Its scope is large: By 2007, VIP K-16 will involve: 350 high school science teachers who teach over 39,000 MCPS high school students; and 100 college/university faculty, graduate students, undergraduate students, and prospective science teachers. Main purpose of VIP K-16: Improve science instruction in Maryland high schools and universities by creating communities of teachers and faculty in which they develop their inquiry pedagogy skills and science content knowledge by learning from each other. ¡ü‡Z “0 " Z2Ç’0 " Z2Z 7!æ7#qóŸ¨5K-12 Partner: Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS)¡65$Ÿ LMCPS serves Maryland s most populous jurisdiction with 873,341 residents (county size: 497 square miles) 139,000 PreK-12 student enrollments 10,500 PreK-12 teachers 191 schools (29 National Blue Ribbon Schools 1983-2002) MCPS Student Demographic and Socioeconomic Data: Race/Ethnicity: American Indian 0.3%, African American 21%, Asian American 14%, Hispanic, 17%, White 48% Students Receiving Free and Reduced Price Meals (FARMS): 22% English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL): 10,673 students; international students from over 160 countries¡ljZvZ1ZZhx0  óŸ¨Higher Education Partners¡ $Ÿ àUniversity System: University System of Maryland (lead partner) Colleges and Universities: Montgomery College (2-year community college; 21,000 students) Towson University (4-year Master s I University; 17,000 students) University of Maryland, Baltimore County (4-year Doctoral/Research University-Extensive; 11,000 students) University of Maryland, College Park (4-year Doctoral/Research University-Extensive; 33,000 students) Research Institute: University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute¡¢.R//S  /óŸ¨Goals¡$Ÿ¨õDevelop a sustainable Professional Learning Community model for high school science teachers, pre-service science teachers, and college/university science faculty. Enrich science teacher knowledge in order to improve instruction to better enable students for success on the Maryland Science High School Assessments (HSAs). Engage college faculty in enriching their teaching and pedagogy in order to improve the quality of undergraduate science courses and increase student retention in the sciences.¡öö€ª=µó;'Ÿ¨ ChallengesŸ All 350 high school science teachers are expected to participate; college faculty must be recruited. Different cultures among schools, universities. Geography: Universities are 15, 40, 70 miles away from Montgomery County. Little knowledge of educational research among MSTs, faculty fellows, and project staff. Systemic barriers to changing instructional practices.  Publish or perish. ¡P‰Z—€  s€09€€ªtóŸ¨2Our Program: Learning Communities in Cohort Cycles¡32$Ÿ¨ËCohorts are structured by discipline: Four staggered 2-year cohort cycles will participate over the course of the project: Master Science Teachers and VIP Faculty Fellows, Biology, Matter & Energy and Earth Space Systems, Chemistry and Physics Master Science Teachers (MSTs) and Faculty Fellows: Experienced and/or interested teachers and faculty get paid extra to help envision, design, and implement professional development activities for their colleagues.¡&Uy’" 4¤%U1 n Template Slide Titles À 8@ _PID_HLINKS'Axhttp://www.ScienceInquiry.org/y.org/ö)_À‘ãqœôáDanielle SusskindDanielle Susskind3  ¥  ª »ó:&Ÿ¨ Our program for the high schoolsŸ ŠA full range of professional development activities are provided, aimed at the high school teachers: Cohort elements include annual 1-week summer institute, 4 school-year conferences, 3 professional days, curriculum workshops, monthly working seminars,  virtual online mentoring, practitioner research, Professional Development Plan options, and a Student Inquiry Conference Additional supports include curriculum and assessment development teams, curriculum advisory committees, financial support for instructional materials, involvement of scientists from partner research institutes, and use of USM and Shady Grove Center facilities as training sites Comprehensive project Web site, www.ScienceInquiry.org¡<eae`   ª*¯òóÿÿÿ߯Åó"Ÿ¨APartnerships: project activities to strengthen K-16 relationshipsª !Ÿ¨~Undergraduates in high school classrooms: We have created a mentoring/internship program that matches university biology majors with MCPS high school teachers. This project began at UMCP and is being extended to UMBC. High school teachers as science researchers: The ExPERT program* has provided summer internships for MCPS high school teachers in biology research labs at UMBI. The teachers learn how to bring real science inquiry into their instructional practice. (* Extended Professional Experiences in Research for Teachers) Faculty designing science curricula: Our very successful faculty learning community at Towson has created or redesigned six inquiry-based science courses and is sharing them with MCPS teachers. Additional learning communities are being created among Montgomery College science faculty and UMBC biology teaching assistants, in partnership with high school teachers.¡Ò*Z°Z-Z Z%ZHZ)±,   %��(ª˜Çs! ÄóŸ¨Evidence-Based OutcomesŸ¨}Teacher/Faculty Outcomes Enhance content knowledge in science Develop skills in best practices of pedagogy and assessment Acquire strategies to promote reading and writing in science Conduct practitioner research to inform instruction Integrate HSA strategies into instruction Expand curricula to include direct experiences with methods and processes of inquiry in science courses ¡2efªb$;<3“ Ÿ¨xBenchmarks Close gaps in student achievement Increase degree of inquiry pedagogy Increase student enrollment in advanced science courses Increase county-wide science final exam scores and HSA performance Increase student achievement and retention in science courses and majors Increase number of science teachers graduating from participating higher education institutions ¡Ö ZnZ !  #7C  $$I((,,`004488ó$ Ÿ¨0Institutional Change and Project Sustainability¡$10�� ��$Ÿ¨Expansion of Professional Learning Communities that will continue to support improved student achievement and professional development Adoption of new curriculum/instructional guides and semester exams by the MCPS Board of Education and their integration into the instructional program Development of highly skilled high school science teaching staff with extended content knowledge and increased strategies in best practices of science pedagogy, assessment, and reading/writing in science Establishment of partnerships with research scientists who will continue to serve on curriculum and instructional advisory committees Incorporation of findings and understandings into K-12 teacher preparation programs and undergraduate science courses Increased awareness among science faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students of the importance of linkages to K-12 schools Increased understanding and utilization by college/university faculty of effective learning-centered pedagogies used in K-12 science education ¡Z €€!��j€€� � €€��e€€1��ž€ € %�$�$‚€(€(!�,�,€0€0�4�4p€8€8�<�<L€€&��!€€sx,, ‘ €ÿÎÿÏ Ä ³e(üHHØ(dh� êîäï '€ ”ðŒÀðXð$ð( ð ðXðx ðX c ð$€�ñ*¿ÿˆð °Ððà Ð ð žðl ðX C ð€€n`¿ÿðð°ÐÀðà  Ð ð žðH ðX ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿøøøÿ33ÿ€€€€rwí;µEõ'ÚSí¡G;Õ€èˆRé(€àຠ& T ×@Óº,www.ScienceInquiry.orgò’/È 0ÒÕÈ·DTimes New Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË·DFuturaew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË ·DOsakaew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË€0·DTimesew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË@·DArialew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œËP·Drialew Romanÿ¿€ÑPsÿ¿XÕÿ¿€Ñëé&œË¤ €`ÿÿÿÿ¥ .©  @£nÿý?" dd@ÿÿïÿÿÿÿÿÿ  @@``€€ LðDðÐd™:    ?  FH ()   oðð$ÿ€Rð$[�­ Öƒ ØIוlÇG4ÿÓ<€Rð$>*µ÷Ê̳5³¾ý Ñ¢²Ñ'ÿ<"Ó<€Rð$ÅÞ;ܲñ²EÆyÓÖÿÝ_€ð$ÿ€Rð$ì’]R÷Ùw”-S…sÙèY²ÿ› ì~€ƒ ð0�ƒ†A¿ÀÅAÿñffÿ@ñÿÿÿÿ÷ð8ó,'€ó-(€Ð¡ÿ úgþý4�d�dÐs€i00Òÿ¿ Ñÿ¿´<�m �ÿÿÿ ÿÿÿpûppû@ <ý4BdBdÒÿ¿-`gÊš;ºuìÊš;2NÍÉÊš;<ý4!d!dÒÿ¿-`ºuìÊš;<ý4ddddÒÿ¿-`ºuìÊš;ˆŠº___PPT10‹ð³è¯±@ ¯±x     Š4º___PPTMac11‹@f   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography |¯0   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  ¯   èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography    èhnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography ŠRº___PPT9‹4®,¯"¬0€ÿÿ€ÿÿ¯¬8€ÿÿ¯¬|Šhº___PPT2001‹Dˆ<‰4XЀà?Ù Ú%OÙ Ú=ðm,ó8%Ÿ¨fScience teacher professional development through a large-scale, high-school and university partnership¡$g)= Ÿ¨'David May º£½ÇÊÓÆµóŸ¨(Vertically Integrated Partnerships K-16Ÿ¨B A National Science Foundation Mathematics and Science Partnership¡&C#ªBó1"Ÿ¨VIP K-16 Scope and PurposeŸ¨nPartnership: 5 Maryland universities and a large school district. A targeted MSP: Just science, just grades 9-16. Its scope is large: By 2007, VIP K-16 will involve: 350 high school science teachers who teach over 39,000 MCPS high school students; and 100 college/university faculty, graduate students, undergraduate students, and prospective science teachers. Main purpose of VIP K-16: Improve science instruction in Maryland high schools and universities by creating communities of teachers and faculty in which they develop their inquiry pedagogy skills and science content knowledge by learning from each other. ¡ü‡Z “0 " Z2Ç’0 " Z2Z 7!æ7#qóŸ¨5K-12 Partner: Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS)¡65$Ÿ LMCPS serves Maryland s most populous jurisdiction with 873,341 residents (county size: 497 square miles) 139,000 PreK-12 student enrollments 10,500 PreK-12 teachers 191 schools (29 National Blue Ribbon Schools 1983-2002) MCPS Student Demographic and Socioeconomic Data: Race/Ethnicity: American Indian 0.3%, African American 21%, Asian American 14%, Hispanic, 17%, White 48% Students Receiving Free and Reduced Price Meals (FARMS): 22% English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL): 10,673 students; international students from over 160 countries¡ljZvZ1ZZhx0  óŸ¨Higher Education Partners¡ $Ÿ àUniversity System: University System of Maryland (lead partner) Colleges and Universities: Montgomery College (2-year community college; 21,000 students) Towson University (4-year Master s I University; 17,000 students) University of Maryland, Baltimore County (4-year Doctoral/Research University-Extensive; 11,000 students) University of Maryland, College Park (4-year Doctoral/Research University-Extensive; 33,000 students) Research Institute: University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute¡¢.R//S  /óŸ¨Goals¡$Ÿ¨õDevelop a sustainable Professional Learning Community model for high school science teachers, pre-service science teachers, and college/university science faculty. Enrich science teacher knowledge in order to improve instruction to better enable students for success on the Maryland Science High School Assessments (HSAs). Engage college faculty in enriching their teaching and pedagogy in order to improve the quality of undergraduate science courses and increase student retention in the sciences.¡Rö;„j€ „€€?„r€ª=µó;'Ÿ¨ ChallengesŸ All 350 high school science teachers are expected to participate; college faculty must be recruited. Different cultures among schools, universities. Geography: Universities are 15, 40, 70 miles away from Montgomery County. Little knowledge of educational research among MSTs, faculty fellows, and project staff. Systemic barriers to changing instructional practices.  Publish or perish. ¡P‰Z—€  s€09€€ªtóŸ¨2Our Program: Learning Communities in Cohort Cycles¡32$Ÿ¨ËCohorts are structured by discipline: Four staggered 2-year cohort cycles will participate over the course of the project: Master Science Teachers and VIP Faculty Fellows, Biology, Matter & Energy and Earth Space Systems, Chemistry and Physics Master Science Teachers (MSTs) and Faculty Fellows: Experienced and/or interested teachers and faculty get paid extra to help envision, design, and implement professional development activities for their colleagues.¡&Uy’" 4¤%U1 3  ¥  ª »ó:&Ÿ¨ Our program for the high schoolsŸ ŠA full range of professional development activities are provided, aimed at the high school teachers: Cohort elements include annual 1-week summer institute, 4 school-year conferences, 3 professional days, curriculum workshops, monthly working seminars,  virtual online mentoring, practitioner research, Professional Development Plan options, and a Student Inquiry Conference Additional supports include curriculum and assessment development teams, curriculum advisory committees, financial support for instructional materials, involvement of scientists from partner research institutes, and use of USM and Shady Grove Center facilities as training sites Comprehensive project Web site, www.ScienceInquiry.org¡<eae`   ª*¯òóÿÿÿ߯Åó"Ÿ¨APartnerships: project activities to strengthen K-16 relationshipsª !Ÿ¨~Undergraduates in high school classrooms: We have created a mentoring/internship program that matches university biology majors with MCPS high school teachers. This project began at UMCP and is being extended to UMBC. High school teachers as science researchers: The ExPERT program* has provided summer internships for MCPS high school teachers in biology research labs at UMBI. The teachers learn how to bring real science inquiry into their instructional practice. (* Extended Professional Experiences in Research for Teachers) Faculty designing science curricula: Our very successful faculty learning community at Towson has created or redesigned six inquiry-based science courses and is sharing them with MCPS teachers. Additional learning communities are being created among Montgomery College science faculty and UMBC biology teaching assistants, in partnership with high school teachers.¡Ò*Z°Z-Z Z%ZHZ)±,   %��(ª˜Çs! Äó$ Ÿ¨0Institutional Change and Project Sustainability¡$10�� ��$Ÿ¨Expansion of Professional Learning Communities that will continue to support improved student achievement and professional development Adoption of new curriculum/instructional guides and semester exams by the MCPS Board of Education and their integration into the instructional program Development of highly skilled high school science teaching staff with extended content knowledge and increased strategies in best practices of science pedagogy, assessment, and reading/writing in science Establishment of partnerships with research scientists who will continue to serve on curriculum and instructional advisory committees Incorporation of findings and understandings into K-12 teacher preparation programs and undergraduate science courses Increased awareness among science faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students of the importance of linkages to K-12 schools Increased understanding and utilization by college/university faculty of effective learning-centered pedagogies used in K-12 science education ¡Z €€!��j€€� � €€��e€€1��ž€ € %�$�$‚€(€(!�,�,€0€0�4�4p€8€8�<�<L€€&��!€€sx,, ‘ €ÿÎÿÏ Ä ³e(üHHØ(dh� êîäï '€ ”ðŒ�ðˆð$ð( ð�pÀ ðˆðr ð ˆ S ð€àh`¿ÿðð°ÐÀðà  Ð ð žðr ð ˆ S ð€€h`¿ÿð °Ððà Ð ð žðH ðˆ ƒ ð0�ƒ“ŽŸ‹”Þ½h¿ÿ ?ð ÿÿÿøøøÿ33ÿ€€€€rÝGmšõ Ú¹GYœ;Õ€Rÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ��d›Oφꪹ)è°å.·äPʬ€Picturesÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ‡ˆPowerPoint Document(ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿH•œSummaryInformation(ÿÿÿÿ“´0      !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345þÿÿÿ9ýÿÿÿýÿÿÿþÿÿÿþÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ�‚ƒ„…†‡ˆ‰Š‹Œ�Ž��‘®”•–—˜™š›œ�žŸ ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«þÿÿÿ­;µÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿýÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¶·¸¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖרÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüþÿÿÿÿÿDocumentSummaryInformation8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ Current Userÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ)ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ þÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿn Template Slide Titles À 8@ _PID_HLINKS'Axhttp://www.ScienceInquiry.org/y.org/ö_À‘ãqœôÜcrgcrgkindDanielle Susskind